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Make the Most Popular
“Mods” Compatible On Your TS1000
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THUOUTE oUFTWARE
SOFTWAR TS2068 TS1000
Badgammon (Backgammon)........ $12.95
Advanced Math (Calculus)......... $12.95 $7.95
Calorie Counter..................006. 99.95 $5.95
U.S.A. (Pres. & States & Caps.)....89.95 $5.95
Gambler (poker)............c006 es $9.95
CHR$ (char. & graphics generator) $12.95
Hangman & TIC—TAC—TOE................ $5.95
Brother M1109 Dot Matrix Printer, compact, low
noise, 100 CPS, both Parallel and Serial inter~
faces, multiple typestyles with near letter
quality print mode and 4k memory buffer. comes
with tractor feed unit... $249.95
$17.00
The Best of SUM
Some sample articles include: Building Your Own
Spectrum Emulator, Repairing Your TS-1000, Word
Processing Reviews for the 2068, UDGs on the TS-
1000, Extensive Review of the Zebra Disk System,
Adding a Keyboard to the 2068, and Enhancing the
A & J Microdrive. 112 pages
Price: $11.95
The FOOTE PRINT PRINTER INTERFACE
® for Centronics parallel printers
e works in both 2068 and Spectrum mode
@ compatible with OS-64 & Spectrum emulators
e EPROM socket and on/off switch on board
© works with both Tasman and Aercodriver software
® plugs into cartridge dock—door completely
closes with cable running back under computer
@ frees up rear edge connector allowing other
peripherals to be used; less chance of a crash
@ print driver software for LPRINT, LLIST, and
COPY included for 2068 and Spectrum modes
FootePrint Interface w/software & cable $45°°
FootePrint with OS-64 option included ..$65°°
Bare board @ instructions only
Cable only for use with bare board
Zero Insertion Force Socket option add $10
THE BEST OF
| Besiocees
[(
A compilation of the best articles, reviews, programs,
and hardware projects
The Best of SUM, Part Il
Articles include Building an EPROM Program-
mer, Sprites on the 2068, Adding RGB to 2068, QL
Word Processing, What's Available for TS-1000,
andmuchmore. 60 pages
Price: $7.95
FOOTE *%, SOFTWARE P. O. Box 14655 — Gainesville, FL 32604 904/462-1086 (6 pm - 9 pm EDT)
All prices are pre-paid and include shipping charges. Florida residents must add 5% state sales tax.
Time Designs Magazine Company
29722 Hult Road
Colton, Oregon 97017
USA
(503) 824-2658
CompuServe ID# 71350,3230
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE is published bi-monthly and
is Copyright 1987 by the Time Designs Magazine Com-
pany, Colton, Oregon 97017. All rights reserved.
Reproduction of this magazine in whole or in part by any
means without written permission is prohibited by law.
SUBSCRIPTIONS: $16.95 a year for six issues (U.S.
funds only), mailed in the U.S. No extra charge for
Canada or Mexico (mailed “surface” rate). All other
countries please write for information on surface and air
mail rates.
CUSTOMER SERVICE: Customer satisfaction is our
goal. For subscription service problems, or any ques-
tions and comments, please write.or call.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Please call or write our office if
there is any change in your current mailing address to
prevent delay or even loss of service. The U.S. Postal
Service will not always reliably forward magazines
(believe us, not them!). Notify us as soon as you know of
any changes.
RENEWAL TIME? To determine your expiration date,
simply read the date posted in the upper-right corner of
your mailing label (magazine cover). For an example,
‘“Nov/89”’ would indicate that the November/December
1989 issue would be the last issue received. A form is
provided elsewhere to renew your subscription. We also
send one notice in case you forget. An early renewal is
very much appreciated, and let us know we are doing an
adequate job.
DEALERS, HARDWARE/SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS:
Write for our display ad rate card, and find out how you
can reach the largest number of Timex Sinclair users in
North America.
TIME DESIGNS is:
Managing Editor: Tim Woods
Assistant Editor: Stephanie Woods
Production Assistants: D. L. Woods
Don Axmaker
Kim Axmaker
Photography: (unless otherwise noted)
Thomas B. Judd
Printing: Al Underberg and Toad’L Litho Printing & Com-
position, Oregon City, Oregon 97045.
Frequent Contributors: Joe Williamson, Paul Bingham,
Wes Brzozowski, Michael E. Carver, Tim Stoddard, Earl
V. Dunnington, Syd Wyncoop, Zack Xavier Haquer, Fred
Nachbaur, Mike de Sosa, Joe Newman, Stan Lemke,
Duncan Teague, Albert F. Rodriguez, Bill Ferrebee,
William C. Andrews, Dick Wagner, Dennis Silvestri, Gale
Henslee, M. Vincent Lyon, J. Kevin Paulsen, Warren
Fricke, Charles E. Goyette, Kenneth Fracchia, Dennis
Jurries, Floyd Chrysler, D. Hutchinson, Herb Bowers, Sr.,
John McMichael, and others.
International Correspondent: R. Lussier
NOTICE: Contributors to TIME DESIGNS are independent of the TIME
DESIGNS MAGAZINE CO., and opinions expressed in the contents of this
publication are not necessarily those of the management staff or its adver-
tisers. Time Designs Magazine Co. will not be held liable for any damage or
consequences resulting from instructions, assertions of fact, review of pro-
ducts or companies provided in the magazine’s content. It is recommended
that anyone attempting to modify their computer or constructing an elec-
trical project should seek help from more knowledgeable individuals.
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE
Information for all models of SINCLAIR, TIMEX, and
AMSTRAD personal computers. Serving North America
and the International community.
FROM THE EDITOR’S
CLUTTERED DESK
Tim Woods
‘‘themed’’ issues
We're going to focus on a central theme for the
next two issues, complete with key articles (and even
some programs and product reviews). This time around, we
will take a look into the area of DESKTOP PUBLISHING.
This has beén a favorite topic of many personal computer
publications for the last couple of years and _ through
the dedicated effort of some software developers, you
can now apply this technique to our beloved Sinclair
computers. Desktop Publishing gives the user some very
powerful "tools" to combine: both text and graphics for
the development of many types of documents, including:
newsletters,. magazines, reports, instruction manuals, or
even a letter to a friend. You don't necessarily have to
be an editor.or publisher for this type of program, as
much simpler applications are possible. But the Desktop-
type program has really changed the way small scale
publishing is performed. Magazines and Journals have
literally cropped up overnight as a result.
Of course, if you-have no interest in this subject,
we still offer a host of other articles and programs, as
well.as all of our regular features.
Our next issue's theme will be TELECOMMUNICATIONS.
Some of. you.may remember our March/April ‘86 (Vol 2,
No.3) issue, which ran an article on converting a _ sur-
plus 2050 modem board into an RS~232 Serial port. By
far, that has been our best selling back issue. I won't
go into a lot of detail here, but what we have in store
for the next issue, should be every bit as good (if not
better). Don't miss out on the November/December '87
issue!
I'd. like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Bill
Ferrebee of Mountaineer Software for his hand in de-
Signing the front cover of our Desktop issue. Bill was
formally a columnist for the now defunct TS-HORIZONS.
Currently, he is collaborating with Stan Lemke of Lemke
Software Development on some hot new software packages.
Do you have an idea for a future themed issue? Send
us your suggestion, and if we use it, you will get
credit (where credit is due) here in this’ column.
Where to get your computer fixed.
Still the most popular correspondence we receive,
is the question, "Where can I get my computer fixed?"
If you own a Sinclair QL or Spectrum, you need. to con-
tact the dealer where you purchased your computer for
advice. But ‘for TS1000/TS1500/Zx81 and TS2068 owners,
the answer is a bit different.
Just before we went to press, we contacted Timex to
get an official statement as to the status of repairs
preformed by their service department. As of yet, they
have. not provided an answer. We should have it by next
issue. One reader wrote in to tell.us that they had just
recently. sent in a TS2068 to be repaired, and received a
refurbished computer as a replacement (a practice that
Continued Next Page.
Timex has used for quite awhile--refurbished units come
from Portugal). Yet other TDM readers have reported that
when they contacted the Timex Service Dept., they were
told by "front office" personnel that repairs were no
longer performed.
Your BEST insurance against "down time" due to a
faulty computer, is to purchase a "BACK UP" computer.
You can usually find a reasonable. deal on-.a second-hand
one, and if you ever have to use it, it will be worth
it's weight in gold. In our office here at TDM, we have
several back ups ready to go if anything ever happens.
It's just too expensive NOT to have them. Our Classified
section is a good source for finding a good buy on a
spare computer.
We have also been contacted by a company that will
repair Timex Sinclair computers for a very reasonable
cost, called PROMISE LAND ELECTRONICS. Dan Elliott is
the owner and service technician; full time he is a
troubleshooter for a large supplier of computerized
medical equipment and then repairs color TV's and
computers part-time. Along with repair's, he will aiso
perform modifications and will even assemble and test
circuit boards. If you are interested in getting your
TS2068, TS1500, or TS1000 (and ZX81) repaired, you can
write and request a flyer that includes a price sheet
of various service charges. Dan Elliott told TDM that
Promise Land Electronics specializes in reasonable rates
and good customer service. Write: to: Promise Land
Electronics, Attention: Dan Elliott, Rt. 1, Box 117,
Cabool, MO 65689. You can also phone: (314) 739-1712
evenings from 5 p.m.-9 p.m., and (417) 469-4571 week-
ends.
Computer In Business.
Here is an excerpt froma letter we recently re-
ceived:
"I just finished reading the July/August TDM
and always enjoy discovering new TS products and in-
formation in every issue.
I've noticed that much of TDM is devoted to
programming techniques. and technical information,
which is great: for a computer whiz and_ serious
programmers. But how about an article on someone who
uses their Timex computer system for business’ use?
I'm just starting out as a self-employed book-
keeper and freelance writer and I'm planning to use
my TS2068. I'm aware that many "computer experts" do
not consider the TS2068 applicable for business use,
but surely there must be others who either use it in
business or hope to.
Hope you consider the idea...I'd be interested
in reading about others who actually use their
computers in business, how they went about starting
and what their systems include."
Sincerely,
Carolyn Bower
Wooster, Ohio
A very good suggestion Carolyn. And since you asked
for this, our first "Spotlight" on using Sinclair's in
business follows. If anyone knows of individuals or
a company that is putting an inexpensive TS to work for
them in a professional setting, please contact us, and
we may run the story in an upcoming issue.
Maryland Doctor Uses ZX81.
Larry Sheingorn, M.D., is an Opthamologist who
practices in Rockville, Maryland. About five years ago
he purchased a ZX8l1. This was a fully assembled model,
and began to experiment in Sinclair BASIC. A year later,
and he had programmed a software package called DAYSHEET
that he continues to use in his medical office today.
"Daysheet"’ as the name implies keeps a running total of
patients that are processed in one day, and what care
was administered, and the appropriate charges. The day-
sheet is totalled and balanced at the end of the day,
and greatly helps to simplify bookkeeping.
Daysheet is entirely written in BASIC, but requires
a 64K Rampack and a full size printer. At this time, the
program is set up to handle a patient load of 25, but it
could be re-defined for more accounts. Built-into the
program are ICD and CPT codes, which are_ standard
medical office codes to represent medical procedures
that are performed. For example if the user would type
"CE", the computer recognizes this to mean "Complete
Exam" and adds the correct charge to the patients
record. Doctor Sheingorn's three secretaries are all
trained to use the program.
"Our ZX81 runs 24 hours a day. It's. never turned
off, and there have been NO problems," Dr Sheingorn told
IDM. None of the typical anti-heat and Rampack crash
modifications have been performed, except a little more
compound was added to the heat sink. "The printer can't
be on the same table as the computer. There is too much
vibration," advised Sheingorn.
Speaking of printers, the Daysheet software was
originally set up to drive a Seikosha (Gorilla Banana)
printer, but high volume use literally wore it out, and
was replaced with an Epson.
A Memotech keyboard replaces the ZX8l's membrane
keyboard, a Memotech Centronics printer interface is
used, along with a Byte Back 64K Ram module. "Basically,
the ZX81 is used just as a circuit card. We have lots of
them," said Sheingorn.
Another program called "Fast Office" is used for
billing purposes, but was programmed on a Commodore 64
by the doctor. He is currently converting this program
to an IBM PC, which will soon replace the Commodore.
When asked about programming with the Sinclair,
Doctor Sheingorn replied, "Timex BASIC is suprisingly
powerful, like the way it dimensions arrays. You are
really only limited by memory. The BASIC is. fairly
straightforward...and is very similar to other versions
like MicroSoft BASIC."
TDM readers who are interested in the DAYSHEET
program, or would like to contact the doctor, can write
to: Larry Sheingorn, M.D., Suite 502, 9715 Medical
Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850.
Doctor Sheingorn's secretary Laura, is hard at work with the 2x81
Brazil’s TK 90X
In our last issue, we reported on Timex Sinclair
clones which are manufactured in Argentina, and also
briefly mentioned another Sinclair clone from Brazil.
International Correspondent, Bob Lussier, has supplied
us with more details on the TK 90X, which is fully
compatible with the Sinclair Spectrum, but also_ shows
some internal copying of the TS2068.
The Brazilian company MICRODIGITAL is the principal
manufacturer and distributer of the TK9O0X. It is avail-
able in both 16K and 48K RAM configurations. Another
model, the TK 95, has additional RAM and a_ full-sized,
typewriter-style keyboard. Microdigital has revamped the
standard Spectrum ROM, by offering a few bug corrections
and features. Two additional character sets may be
called with just a single command, both Spanish and
Portuguese—the principal language of Brazil. BASIC
commands are in English.
Several years ago, Sir Clive attempted to take
some legal action against Microdigital for producing the
unauthorized Spectrum clone. However, through immunity
provided by the Brazilian government, Microdigital is
protected against worldwide copyright laws. Many other
cases of cloning and copyright violations exist through-
out South America, including hardware add-ons and .soft-
ware packages.
Fred Nachbaur
Fred Nachbaur, is perhaps, best known for his
con-
tinuing campaign for interest and support in the Zx81
(and TS1000/TS1500). But Fred also has developed some
outstanding software for these machines, including the
game DUNGEON OF YMIR, and his newest creation-ZX TERM*80
(see Tim Stoddard's report elsewhere in this issue).
His most current software development utilizes machine
code routines first introduced by Wilf Rigter, that give
the user high resolution screen graphics on an otherwise
low resolution computer.
Fred has been a public figure in our Sinclair
community since the "early" days. He designed and sold a
battery back-up system for the ZX (advertisements were
ran in early SYNTAX magazines), he started SYNCWARE NEWS
> Fight to remain
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Frederick Nachbaur is not considered a Canadian citizen by Joa, May ‘d he “Ss.
Immigration Canada, even though the rest of his family are Can- le - dees? Imp es
adians, ae at 1 /On 7M.
He says his three-year legal tussle Taq, vagy at
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and after he gave up the title of publisher/editor, con-
tinues to advise and write for the newsletter. Fred has
also penned some recent programs and articles in recent
issues of TIME DESIGNS.
But Fred hasn't seen exposure like he has in the
last few months. Appearing on TV, Radio and in the local
newspapers, Fred's three year legal battle with Canada's
Immigration Service has created quite a stir here in the
northwest, but most notably in British Columbia, Canada
(his current homeland).
The Canadian government had been threatening with
deportation because they did not consider Fred to be a
citizen even though his parents are. Fred was born in
West Germany in 1951, but his parents emigrated to
Canada when he was 11 months. At a young age, the family
once again moved for a short time to the U.S. Fred re-
mained in the U.S. to attend college. His troubles began
when he returned to Canada some years later.
The situation appears to be resolved now. Due to
the tremendous press coverage the case had received, the
Immigration Service has relented and will grant Fred
"Landed Immigrant" status shortly.
We here at TIME DESIGNS wish the best for Fred and
are happy that this situation may be over. Remember, you
can get in touch with Fred through his company, Silicon
Mountain Computers, C-12, Mtn. Stn. Group Box, Nelson,
B.C., Canada VIL 5Pl.
9 @ ®
QL’s Price Hits Bottom
$99.00 for complete unit
A+ Plus Computer Response of Sullivan, New Hamp-
shire, the company that purchased the remaining stock of
Sinclair QL's (U.S. Version), is apparently attempting
to deplete their inventory of some two thousand QL's.
They have announced that the QL's price until the end of
the year will be $99.00, which includes the PSION suite
of business programs.
Sharp's, Inc. of Mechanicsville, Virginia, has also
announced that they currently have units in stock for
the new price of $99. Other QL dealers have similar
deals available.
When the current stock of U.S. QLs is depleted,
there will be no more units available. Unless Amstrad
follows up on the rumor that has been circulating.
Reports indicate that they may release a new computer
model based on the Sinclair QL's design.
More QL news from the U.K.
Dear Mr. Woods,
Thank you for publishing my letter in the May/June
issue of TIME DESIGNS. Since the letter was written,
time has moved on, and a few of the statements need to
be updated. ;
| 1. The "QL compatible" 68000 based Sandy FUTURA
machine was seen in prototype form at a recent U.K.
Microfair. The machine was running 0S9 and occasionally
crashed. Rumor has it that the Futura will make its
first working appearance with a QDOS compatible op-
erating system as an IBM "plug-in" card rather than as a
stand-alone machine. Unlike the THOR machine, the stand-
alone Futura will not use existing QL circuit boards
within its shell. :
2. The THOR 20 prices in my last letter were
relative to the standard THOR prices. In fact, all the
prices have changed and they now start at £1179.00! The
Thor 20 is regarded as a stop gap machine before CST
move away from using the QL circuit board towards a more
“pure" 68020 32 bit bus system. It's performance is
disappointing for a 68020 system, but it is faster than
a°O0.
Continued On Page 5.
ALSO AVAILABLE FOR THE T/S 2068
POWERFUL AND INEXPENSIVE BUSINESS SOFTWARE
FOR 2X81, T/S1000 and T/S1500 COMPUTERS
ZX-TEXT
ZX—TEXT
COPYRIGHT (CC) 1983
ALBERT F. RODRIGUEZ
SELECT AN OPTION
»-WRITE
»-REAC EDIT
»PRINT
- SAVE
»CLEAR
“ANSWER BY ENTERING A NUMBER"
A word processor is to a computer user
what a typewriter is to a typist, except that the
former has more advantages than the latter.
ZX-Text can operate in 16-64K RAM providing
from 1300 to 6500 words per document. It
features 6 different options: write, read, edit,
print, save and clear text. Text is written on a
per-line basis with quick speed and with
horizontal back-space and delete capabilities
being available. You can also access the
editor directly from write mode and vice-versa.
Text can be proof-read on a per-line basis
allowing for enough time to determine if any
editing is needed. The text editor allows a line
of text to be deleted, inserted, replaced and
listed for editing. You may also change a word
or expression within a line, stop or start text
while it is scrolling up the screen, begin
reading text from the first line of the file, re-
enter write mode from the editor, return to the
main-menu or create a window so that you
can read-edit two files simultaneously. The
print option takes text displayed in 30-column
format on the screen and outputs to either the
ZX/TS printer. (With Memotech’s Centronics
Parallel interface 80-column and lower/
higher - case output is possible.) Files may
be saved on tape cassette with the use of
one single command, or by the same token they
can be erased from memory / storage so that
the full capacity of the program can be used
for other purposes such as composing letters,
reports, articles, memos, standard forms,
instructions, ads, graphs, telephone
directory, lists of customers, members,
friends...etc. Also copies of files are always
less expensive and easier to run than using a
photocopier. Other advantages are savings in
time, paper, ink, correcting mistakes and
adding afterthoughts more efficiently than
doing them through either handwriting or
using a typewriter.
$16.95
ZX-CALC
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An electronic spreadsheet calculator is the
fundamental basic tool for summarising, reporting
and analyzing in matrix form any accounting,
mathematical or scientific manipulation of num-
bers. ZX-Calc operates in 32-64K RAM and affords
a maximum of 3360 characters / spreadsheet. The
entire matrix consists of 15 columns (letters A-O)
and 30 rows (numbers 1-30) with 8 characters /
cell. Unlike other popular ESCs, ZX-Calc uses in
calculations and within cells all 14 math functions
on the ZX-81/TS1000. It offers a unique “SUM
function that totals one or more rows/columns
simultaneously. Parenthesis can be used within
equations. There is no fixed limit on how many
equations may be entered. Formulas may be
stored in all 420 cells of the spreadsheet. The
display affords 15 rows/colums. Loading of data
into more than one cell can occur across/down
one or more row/column simultaneously. With
vertical windowing you can arrange a set of col-
umns in any order, or practice using fixed-variable-
alignment display formats. The menu offers 6
options: enter / erase, move, calculate, print, save
and clear the spreadsheet. Enter/erase allows
the entering, deletion or data alignment within a
cell through the use of a mobile cursor. With the
move option you may move around the entire
sreadsheet to access any row, column or cell.
The calculate option allows you to enter labels,
values or formulas into a cell or write and enter
equations that will act uponthe data already within
the spreadsheet. You can also enter bar graphs
into acellinthis option. Absolute / relative replica-
tion, down/across acolumn/row, is alsoallowed
by this option. Also this option allows the auto-
matic calculation of the entire spreadsheet with
one single command. Printallows youto outputto
either the ZX/TS printer the entire spreadsheet by
column-sets and row-pages through use of the
COPY command. The entire spreadsheet may be
saved on cassette tape or you may Clear all data
from it or erase the program from RAM entirely.
The most salient advantage provided by an ESC
over specifically vertical applications software is
that an ESC provides a reusable framework with
which you can compose any specific financial
model rather than just be limited to only one stati-
cally fixed format for storing, displaying and
manipulating numerical data.
$16.95
ZX-CALENDAR
APPOINTMENT MADE
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BILIN
Time management is an important aspect of
any serious business and personal agenda.
Planning how to spend our time leaves us better
prepared before and while we are spending it
and we remain better organized after we finish
spending it. ZX-Calendar operates in 16-64K
RAM affording 25 appointments in 16K, 100 in
32K or 180 in 48K and 64K. Each
appointment record holds a maximum of 220
characters. The main menu includes enter,
search/check/sort, change, save, clear and
print any and all appointments made on a
specific date or with any party. Output to either
the ZX/TS printer is permissible. This program
will permit you to remember to do something or
to be somewhere important by cataloging your
answers to six questions that you must account
for in order not to waste time when it is scarce:
when, with whom, at what time, for how long,
where and what are you going to discuss and
conclude when you get together with someone
else? The program lets you permanently
originate, record, classify, search, sort,
calculate, modify, summarize, obtain a written
report and store your answers to the preceding
questions so that you will not forget what you
decide to do with your time. This program
identifies your time according to when you are
going to spend it and with whom you are going
to share it. Through these forms of labeling
appointments you are able to verify or modify
how your time is budgeted without wasting ink,
paper or more time trying to remember what you
said to yourself or what someone else said to
you or where you placed certain written
messages that you now can't find. With this
program you will know where you can find
exactly what you need to know about where you
want to and have to be, or where you have been,
before you get and after you got there. Thus, ZX-
Calendar will let you plan your time so that you will
never have to worry about what is ahead or what
came before, for you will always know, by using it,
to never be caugNt astray by any time-frame.
$16.95
$3.00 SHIPPING AND HANDLING/PROGRAM
A.F.R. SOFTWARE - 1605 Pennsylvania Avenue, No. 204 - Miami Beach, Florida 33139
DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME (305) 531-6464 FLORIDIANS ADD SALES TAX
L-1 © 1984
4
3. ORAM Utilities (the Futura front end) did not
originally work with programs compiled with the TURBO
and SUPERCHARGE SuperBASIC compilers. After some heated
discussion between QJump and Digital Precision, D.P.
modified the extensions file, which apparently contained
an incompatible "cursor on" command. Unfortunately,
SuperBASIC programs compiled with earlier compilers than
Turbo 1.42, will still not work with ORAM. Hopefully,
software houses working in SuperBASIC will upgrade to
the new systems.
4. QRAM contains code which effectively extends the
operating system QDOS rather than SuperBASIC. The code
provides a window/pointer system for re-sizeable/movable
non-destructive windows. A main menu can be windowed on
screen by hotkey (press ALT /).at any time. A _ pointer
can then be moved over a vertical submenu (Files, Jobs,
Channels, Print, Window dump, Options) and SPACE or
ENTER pressed. A "grabber" utility which limits the
memory a program can take, and an "Unlock" utility which
makes windows destructive, are. included. The programs
you have in memory can then be flipped through with
CTRL C. ORAM is best used with 640K or 896K QL systems.
5. The Miracle Systems TRUMP CARD, offering an
additional 768K RAM (896K total), and a disk interface
with Toolkit 2, is now available for under £200. It is
rumored that Sandy are working on an answer to this
card, but time will tell.
6. Digital Precision's DESKTOP PUBLISHER 2.00 is
much improved over version 1.00, though Thor owners
should still check compatibility before purchase.
7. APT (Adventure Programming: Tool) from Shadow
Games. has caused something of a stir in adventure
circles. It supports graphics in mode 8 and text in mode
4 at the same time on screen. It also works in real time
and uses multi-task fill routines. Some of .the current
adventures are being re-written using APT, because of
its advantages over the Quill Adventure Writer. APT 1.50
is the latest version.
8. A few people in the U.K. have recently been
tinkering with Transputers. A.T800 Inmos floating point
Transputer will comfortably out-perform a. 68020/68881
Motorola combination on its own. One enthusiast is de-
signing a QL/Transputer interface for £75 (Transputer
not included). He has succeeded in linking a Transputer
to a QL through a Medic interface, no software though.
9. New adventures to be released shortly include
"The Prawn", said to be a send up of its close name
sake, and "Talisman".
10. Having bought the QLiberator 3.11 SuperBASIC
compiler, I thought a good test might be to compile a
radio satellite location program written in BASIC for
the Sinclair Spectrum (TS2068). The program, which was
laced with GOSUB's and GOTO's compiled the first time
with no errors, but a few warnings about incompatible
BASIC commands did arise. On a bench test, a routine to
draw the map of the world and then print the names’ of
all available satellites and point to their locations,
took 1 minute 55 seconds in SuperBASIC and. 17 seconds
compiled!
Sincerely,
Richard Howe
ARK DISTRIBUTION
Corve Farmhouse, Chale Green
Ventnor, United Kingdom
PO38 2LA
Sir Clive’s Z88 Update
Sir Clive's latest microchip wonder is out now (for
real), and the reports coming in, are that it does live
up to expectations. Both Mark Steuber of Sharp's Inc.,
and Rob Curry of Curry Computer have had Z88's to test.
Rob Curry reported to TIME DESIGNS that the resident
software is very good, the display clear and readable,
and overall an impressive machine. Drawbacks may be the
lack of a data storage system other than RAM Cartridges
(up to 128K), the choice by Sinclair to use BBC BASIC as
an
a resident language (how about Sinclair BASIC or Super-
BASIC?), lack of an internal modem, and. the rather steep
price tag...the retail price took a £100 jump to £399.
Rob Curry also discussed the possibility of uploading
and downloading data from a Sinclair QL via the 288's
built-in RS232 port. I/O software for the IBM PC will
be released shortly for this purpose on either 54% or 3%
inch disc. An external modem is being developed and is
tentatively. priced at £99.95.
Negotiations are currently being conducted between
a U.S. dealer and CAMBRIDGE COMPUTER LTD to obtain a
U.S. dealership for the 288. As of this writing, rers
from Cambridge will not offer reasonable profit margins
for the computer to be competively priced. The 288 will
need to compete with other battery-powered laptops like
Tandy's Model 100.
Interested readers can write to: Cambridge Computer
Ltd., Cambridge, England CB4.1BR. Also, SECTOR SOFTWARE
(39 Wray Crescent, Ulnes Walton, Leyland, Lancashire PR5
3NA) can obtain the Z88's, and is a reliable company to
deal with. Direct your correspondence to the. attention
of David Batty, and mention TIME DESIGNS.
Dates to remember:
* September 26, 1987 *
THE GREAT N.W. TIMEX SINCLAIR MINI-FAIR
Seattle Masonic Temple
SO1l E. Pine St.
Seattle, Washington 98122
9:00 am —- 6:00 pm
$3 admission at the door.
For further info:
. TDM
29722 Hult Road
Coltan, OR 97017
(503) 824-2658 é
* March 7-9, 1988 xX
SUNSTATE TIMEX SINCLAIR WINTERFEST
Orlando Marriott
6001 International Drive
Orlando, Florida 32819
For further infa:
Mary-Lynn Johnson
249 N. Harden Ave.
Orange City, FL 32763
Sunstate BBS: (904) 775-0093 (7/1/E)
* June 23-26, 1988 *
SILICON VALLEY TIMEX SINCLAIR COMPUTER FEST
South Bay Area/Northern California
(Exact location un-confirmed at press time.)
For further info:
Bob Orrfelt
3436 Bay Road
Redwood City, CA 94063
Continued Next Page.
News From the Dealers
CURRY COMPUTER (P.O. Box 5607, Glendale, AZ 85312,
phone 602-978-2902) has acquired a large amount of all
brand new TS1000/ZX81 merchandise. Such items include
the Timeworks Computer Control Center $19.95, Mindware
Printers $24.95, and T/S BASIC books $3.95. The folks at
Curry also found some brand new TS1000 computers and 16K
Rampacks sitting all alone in a warehouse. They are
selling both for $34.95 plus $4 S&H. Call or write for
shipping charges for individual items. Also, prices
quoted are "sale prices" and are subject to change.
Is there a resurgence of interest in the TS1000?
Recently, the HOME SHOPPER CLUB, those zany folks on
cable television networks who are ready to snatch your
plastic money, put up for sale a computer "package".
Yep, you guessed it...the computer was a TS1000 and in-
cluded the 16K Rampack and some Timex software. Their
"suggested retail price" was a whopping $200, but actual
"Club price" was $50. But would you believe they sold
over 1000 packages!! Folks, it's time to get out your
back issues of SYNTAX, and dust off the ol' TS/ZX.
BUDGET ROBOTICS & COMPUTING (Box 18616, Tucson, AZ
85731) now stocks ZX81/TS1000 spare parts, including:
the ULA chip (ICl), 64K ROM, membrane keyboard, 5 and 8
way PCB keyboard connectors, case screws and rubber
BUDGET ROBOTICS & COMPUTING (Box 18616, Tucson, AZ
85731) now stocks ZX81/TS1000 spare parts, including:
the ULA chip (ICl), 64K ROM, membrane. keyboard, 5 and 8
way PCB keyboard connectors, case screws and rubber
feet. Budget Robotics' obtains these parts from England
to support their robot-building clientele. Write for a
price list.
Have you seen the TS1000 clone that AMERICAN DESIGN
COMPONENTS (62 Joseph St., Moonachie, NJ 07074, phone
800-524-0809) is selling for $29.95 (+ $5.99 for S&H)?
The clone has been advertised as being "compatible with
the Timex 1000". Actually, only a small amount of TS
software will load. SILICON MOUNTAIN COMPUTERS (C-12,
Mtn. Stn. Group Box, Nelson, B.C., Canada V1L 5P1) has a
solution! Fred Nachbaur has developed an interpreter ROM
for the PC8300, that will allow approximately 99% of the
Timex software to load. Everything but the newest: high-
resolution software, but Fred is. working..on that one
too! The price of the new EPROM kit is $14.95-ppd. (U.S.
funds). |
Speaking of the PC8300 Timex "clone", it's gaudy
green color has earned it the nickname, "Green Hornet".
WMJ DATA SYSTEMS (4 Butterfly Dr., Hauppauge, NY
11788, phone 516-543-5252) has acquired the publishing
and marketing rights: to THOMAS B. WOODS' programs:
ZX PRO/FILE and PRO/FILE 2068. Prices for the software
packages are $19.95 and $29.95 respectively and include
the original manuals written by Thomas Woods. ZX Pro-
File is the most comprehensive. database ever written for
the TS1000/ZX81. Pro/File 2068 was a complete re-write
for the TS2068, and offers more features than the ZX
version. Thomas Woods has now gone on to write both a
successful database program for the IBM PC called FINDEX
and PC oriented articles for magazines.
Take note that: NOVELSOFT has a new address. and
phone number: 35 Candle Liteway, Willowdale, Ontario,
Canada M2R 335, phone 416-665-0290. David Ridge recently
turned over the company to his partner, Ariel Frailich,
due to a move and a career change. We are glad to see
this excellent software house will continue to market
their Timex Sinclair programs.
‘CHIA-CHI CHAO (73 Sullivan Drive, Moraga, CA 94556)
will send you his latest product catalog for the TS1000
and TS2068 (also the Aerco FD-68 disk system), if you
send in a legal SASE.
Another catalog available for the TS1000 and TS2068
is available from T & C SERVICES (20 Liberty Terrace,
Buffalo, NY 14215, phone 716-834-1716). We were quite
impressed with the large variety of software titles
featured in this catalog. Write for your copy.
LEMKE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (2144 White Oak, Wichita
Kansas, 67207) announced that they are publishing a FREE
quarterly newsletter for users of their new Desktop
programs. To receive your copy of the PIXEL PRINT PRESS
newsletter, send 4 legal SASE to Lemke Software. The
"Pixel Print Press" will feature hints,. tips, new icons,
and user news...and you don't even have to own the Pixel
Print software to subscribe.
Remember the Rotronics WAFADRIVE? While supplys
last, you can now buy one for £18.00 (around $30.00
U.S.). from a company in England: LOGIC SALES LTD., 17
Leofric Square, Eastern Industry, Peterborough, Cambs.,
England. This is a special "close-out" deal. The Wafa-
drive is Spectrum system, and requires both an emulator
and a "twister" board in order to operate it on the
TS2068. A&J wafers will work on the Rotronics.
A&J MICRODRIVE is now called "A&J Assembly". There
is also a new address and phone number: 2042 Aiello Dr.,
Suite "C", San Jose, CA 95111, (408) 281-0100.
Mike de Sosa's new book "TAKING THE QUANTUM LEAP:
THE LAST WORD ON THE SINCLAIR QL" has received favorable
comment from Europe. Watch for upcoming reviews in QL
WORLD Magazine and QUANTA User Group Newsletter. The
book is exclusively published and marketed by TDM (29722
Hult Rd., Colton, OR 97017, phone 503-824-2658) .
Reports are, that Larry Kenny of LARKEN ELECTRONICS
(RR#2:Navan, Ontario, Canada K4B-1H9), may be modifying
designs on his RAMdisk memory upgrade for the Timex
Sinclair 2068. Internal banks of RAM may be _ used
rather than the original designs first suggested, and
also less RAM-than the original 256K. Regardless, Larry
needs to hear from TIME DESIGNS readers if you are in-
terested in additional memory for your TS2068. This is a
valuable project, but will need to have substantial
Support and interest to be a success. Drop Larken a
postcard, if you would like details on RAM upgrades for
your computer.
Great TS User Groups
--check them out!
Have we listed your group's information lately?
Send us the club's name/address for publication.
Get noticed. Bring in new members!
Dallas Timex/Sinclair/Amstrad Users Group
P.O. Box 153421
Irving, TX 75015
Harrisburg Area Timex Sinclair Users Group
c/o Dave Bennett
329 Walton St. (Rear)
Lemoyne, PA 17043 :
Vancouver Sinclair Users Group
c/o Rod Humphreys
2006 Highview Place
Port Moody, B.C.
Canada V3H 1N5
Indiana Sinclair-Timex Users Group
c/o Frank Davis
513 Es. Main St.
Peru, IN 46970
Long Island Sinclair Timex User Group
P.O.. Box 438
Centerport, NY 11721
Capitol Area Timex Sinclair Users Group
P.O. Box 467
Fairfax Station, VA 22039
Fort Worth Timex Sinclair User Group
4424 Geddes Ave.
Fort Worth, TX 76107
eR LO a A NEE CO er
~ Herb’s BASIC “One- Liners”
Herb Bowers, Sr
Here are a couple of nifty one-liners from the
"ABBA SOFT Super Sub Shop", that some of you may be in-
terested in. "We gotta million of 'em folks" and _ from
time to time we would like to share them with you.
There are a few draw backs in the use of PAUSE O on
the TS2068. First of all, PAUSE cannot be released with
the joystick button, and second, if you are using a
color TV for your monitor, you get a lot of distortion
in a color program display during PAUSE.
On the TS1000 PAUSE O can be simulated with PAUSE
4E4, but the disadvantage is the annoying "jump" when
any PAUSE is used.
On mult-player games on the TS2068, a function is
activated by a player using a key or button (to activate
a one armed bandit, spin or stop a "wheel", etc.). It is
necessary for all participants to hover over the key-
board waiting for their turn. It is so much better to
have one player at the keyboard making the needed key-
board entries and the other player(s) using a joystick
button to initiate their turns.
The system I use on my TS2068 is a one line "catch
all" simulated PAUSE O sub-routine, that not only allows
release with the right or left joystick button, but also
from the keyboard, along with a "count down" timer
option.
PSEUDO PAUSE @ SUB:
tee Fran TO 1: LET Pole
STICK 4e;,2434>0 OR STICK (2,2) <>
OR INKEY $=" : > eer OF 4 RETURN
After you have keyed-in the above line, enter as a
direct command GOSUB 1. Now press either the right or
left joystick button or the space bar. You will get an
"ok" code at the bottom of the screen. You can _ change
the INKEYS="_" to any character you want, to release the
pause, or to INKEYS$=CHRS$ 13 and only ENTER will release
the pause.
If you area little "heavy fingered", you can put a
delay in using the following instead.
FSEUDG PAUSE © SUB WITH GCELAY:
i.FOR fs) TO 20: NEXT *: FOR
ful TO 3: LET fete STICK te, 33
308 QR STICK (2,2) ¢>0 OR INKEYS=
os ay €
Perhaps you had better type in the following test module
to illustrate this.
180 GOSUB 1:FPRINT “ok":GOTO 188
Now enter the command GOTO 100.
There are times when it is nice to have a count-
down timer to limit the amount of time the player has to
make up his/her mind. Try the following.
PSEUDO PAUSE 8 SUB WITH TIMER:
4 EET teit-:
FOR f=@ TO_1: LET
t=t-.041: PRINT Se o,0; INT t;*
LET f=# STICK (2,0) <¢>0 OR SsTIC
Re 4a 430, OR INKEYS="" OR t<@
NEXT fF: RETURN
This gives you a 10 second count down. To-change count-
down time, change the value of "t" in the first state-
ment to 1 more than the number of seconds you-:want. The
decimal -.041 can be adjusted to speed up or slow down
the count according to your area, program length or the
heat and humidity. Use the same test routine as above to
test this sub.
Ok, now for the good old TS1000. I don't have mine
anymore (sure wish that I did), but here is the one-
liner for a pseudo PAUSE O without the "jump". Sure you
can accomplish it with a FOR/NEXT loop, but that takes a
minimum of 3 lines. Let's do it with one.
NO JUMP PAUSE @ FOR THE Tvs 18080
18 GOTO 104 (INKEYS$<¢>"")
eheeee 98 8
rea aka i
SE & Sp Koes aoe
lielecchelucates wee
eee eR ene EE i ET SA LS A et — ee ee OF On ee
a OT A SSRN RN NSE ET te ON NS RR NN at ee
That's it! Now RUN [ENTER]. See it really works. The
above routine will drop thru to the next program line.
Always change the numeric value to the line you put’ the
routine on.
So maybe you don't want to drop to the next program
line. Let's say that you want to skip to. line 100. ok!
Use the following.
16 GOTO n4+ttInkey ser) ene)
In the above, n=current line. n2=line to be jumped too
-n. So you want to jump to line 100 from line 10, then
make n=10 and n2=90...
I really hope that you can put the above one-liners
to good use. Let us know if you would like to see more.
Editor: Herb Bowers is chief owner and programmer for
ABBA SOFT. Write to him c/o TDM or direct to: 2588
Woodshire Circle, Chesapeake, VA 23323.
Get Lucky
Bill Ward
With many states now offering lotteries, the desire
for help in making your selection of a "good" number is
probably universal. The following short program for the
TS2068 will select 6-digit "lucky" numbers in a_ rather
unique way.
The variables: iy Vo Zy Ae Dp- and: c;..are the 6
digits we are seeking. However, each is randomly varied
from 0 to 9 in lines 150 to 200. At the same time,
variable "f£" is randomly varied from O to 6-in line 130.
Now as the loop (line 140 to 250) operates, "x" is
trying to match "f£" while the n, y, z,-a, by c, vari-
ables are merrily changing values randomly, and when "f£"
does match "x", then the super-randomly selected number
appears !}
After the listing is completed, try it out. From
time to time, the program will stop with an error code,
therefore you must enter the following:
210 ON ERR GOTO 130
Now BEFORE you RUN this, you must SAVE it! Otherwise
once you run the program with line 210 in place, it will
not SAVE, nor can you LIST it.
Hopefully those who WIN using this program will
send ‘me a postcard at: P.O. Box 556, Grand Island, FL
32735, telling me the good news! GOOD LUCK!
S REM & Bitt vaerd-gri
=
7s oo
10 PRINT TAB 4; "LOTTERY NUHBER
SELECTOR” -
20 PRINT PRINT "Random fetec
L26n Gt © dis2 ts.” x f
3G PRINT PRINT “Run umtil ju
st ane », TUMBEFr 3 Printed!”
168 CIM es$t1lei
116 RANDOMIZE al
126 LET a$="8125¢56789"
130 LET FeINT (RND#¢5) +1
148. FOR Bal TOF
1S5@ LET m=INT (RHD#¥10)
160 LET y=INT (RNDs1B)
1¥VG LET z=INT (RND+#16)
13SQ LET as=INT (RND*10)
19@ LET ba=INT (RND+*16)
2O0G LET c=Hx=INT (RND¥18)
220 IF x=f THEN PRINT AT 12,12
ate ope Gh gee hk oe as 961s Lae
(or
236 Boer saho,o: SEE «28,5: BEE
ae ae
£40 IF x=f THEN BEEP 2323.5: BEE
Y , ~ 33,5: SEY .i15,5: BEE 1,248
250 NEMT x
268 PRINT AT 14,6; "YOUR LUCKY N
UMBER! "
| : = ams NEW PRODUCTS
eee — ANNOUNCEMENT
For TS2068 and SPECTRUM
Novelsoft
brings Artificial Intelligence
to the Timex/Sinclair
Introducing...
ae p< as aes
len PoP EL
2 APErt
TT
ZXpert lets you explore the reasoning process of human experts.
With ZXpert you can create an Expert System on any topic you like!
* A useful and educational program * Includes 2068 & Spectrum versions
* Easy and fun to use * Supports Microdrives
* No programming language to learn * Two example knowledge bases
* On-line help * Superb Manual with Tutorial
plus...
Once you have developed a useful knowledge base, with your permission
NovelSoft will sell it and pay you a royalty!!!
Join the revolution with...ZXpert
$19.95 U.S. Plus $3.00S & H
Novelsoft
WEW ADDRESS: A FORMAT FOR THE FUTURE
35 Candle Liteway, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada M2R 3J5
phone (416) 665-0290, Compuserve ID# 72477, 326
WHICH SYSTEM
DO YOU USE?
Reader Tips and Hints
for Mass-Storage
Do you sometimes feel all alone out there with some
very sophisticated (even complicated) disk drive system
or other mass storage device? There have been more types
and designs of storage for Sinclair computers than one
can count on ten fingers. This new forum is for you and
it's success depends on how much participation we re-
ceive.
Two specialty newsletters that catered to disk
drive systems ("T.O.P.S." and the "FD-68 User") have
folded, leaving many users out in the cold. We hope this
"hints and tips" column will help fix this situation.
Send us your tips, hints, short program listings or
whatever you might have that pertains to disk drives,
microdrives, wafadrives, even cassettes, and we will
print as many as possible. This is NOT a TS2068 column
only. So TS1000 mass storage system owners get your
printers warmed up to, and send in your tips. Spectrum
and QL owners too!
3
-—EBRASTIMEX FDOD DISK SYSTEM
Doug Gangi
DISK HANDLE FR
This program makes some of the more commonly used commands 280 PRINT #1;3AT 0,0; "HIT A KEY"
of the Zebra FDD system easier to use. I created this program + PAUSE 0
? ; ie 290 RUN
one day as I got so tired of trying to delete a block of
Programs off one of my disks. I decided that things would be so 300 CLS + FRINT “FORMAT”
much easier if I could make a program to handle some of the 310 INPUT "Format disk in A or
commands such as Erase, Move, Format, etc. This program will B? "ihs ee
make life easier for you if you want to move programs from one 320 INPUT "Name? "ing
disk to another, format, rename, and erase programs. 1% fee 330 FORMAT ¥n$ TO he
short (and quite crude) program so feel free to customize the 340 GO TO #h$d: CAT *
program in any way your heart desires. 350 PRINT #1IsAT 0,0; "HIT A KEY!
": PAUSE ©: RUIN
220 GO TO *"b"d: INPUT "Name of ZOO CLS : FRINI "RENAME"
10 POKE 23658, 8: BORDER O: INK disk A?"ihs 410 UNFPU) "Drive A or Ee "i gt
7: PAPER O: CLS 230 CLS : CAT *: PRINT #1;AT O, 415 GO TO *g$d: CAT *
ZO PRINT FLASH 13" O;"HIT A KEY": PAUSE O 420 PRINT #1;AT 0,0;"HIT A KEY"
DISK HANDLER 240 FRINT AT 20,0; "Which progra : PAUSE 0
3O PRINT *°?*?"Menu:"*’"1) Era m? (ENTER to stop)" 430 INPUT "Program? (ENT to qui
se programs"’"2) Disk to disk tr 245 INPUT n&®: IF n#=""9 THEN RU t) “ang
ansfer"’"3) Format"’"4) Rename f N 435 IF ng="" THEN FUN
Bou 250 MOVE #n$ TO ":"+h$+":"4+n$ 440 INPUT "New name? "“im¢
35 PRINT "S) Catalog" 255 IF q=1 THEN CLS : GO TO x" 450 LET #n% TO me
Sf PRINT "6) Quit" b"d: CAT *: PRINT #1;AT 0,0; "HIT 460 GO TO 430
SOL INPUT “Chesee? “ta: iF wom) A KEY": PAUSE O: GO TO *"a"d: G S00 INPUT "Driive A or B? "igs
sO GO TO 40 256 CLS : GO TO *"a"d: CAT * 510 GO TO ¥g%d: CAT *
100 CLS : PRINT "ERASE PROGRAMS 257 PRINT #1;AT 0,0; "HIT A KEY" 520 PRINT #1;AT 0,0:;"HIT A KEY"
: PAUSE 0: GO TO *"b"d : PAUSE 0: RUN
110 INPUT "Disk A or B? "iat 260 GO TO 2230 600 STOF
120 GO TO *atd
130 CLS : CAT *
135 PRINT #1;AT 0,0;"HIT A KEY! A TIP FOR THE OLD, SILVER TIMEX DRIVES
“:; PAUSE O One of the problems with the old Timex disk drive system is
140 PRINT AT 15,0;"Which progra that the power supply gets extremely hot using 2 drives. The
m? (just hit ENTER to return to most common way to solve this problem is to buy a “muffin fan
main menu or CH to switch drive (but at $20, that’s also an expensive way!). Being a Frugal
s or Ck to CAT)" McDougal myself, I decided there had to be a less expensive way.
150 INPUT n$: IF n$="" THEN RU And I found it in my storage room...the drill. So, why not put
; a few holes in the case for better ventilation (the only portals
N for cooling in the Timex power supply are in the top and on the
160 IF n#="CH" THEN GO TO 110 back...not too good).
165 IF né="CX" THEN GO TO 130 If you turn over the power supply, you will see the 4
170 ERASE *¥n# rubber feet. Remove these and you will see the screws that hold
180 GO TO 140 the case together. I drilled my holes on both sides of the case
200 CLS : PRINT "DISK TRANSFER" toward the rear (where the heat sink lies). I drilled 12 holes
*#4244) From A to B"’"2) From B on each side. For more breathability, I also drilled more holes
to A": INFUT q on the bottom of the case. When you reassemble the power
aA nape supply, you may find it looking somewhat like swiss cheese, but
210 IF q=1 THEN GO TO x"a"d: I you won’t find that the power supply overheats and you won’t
NFUT "Name of disk B?P"shs: GO TO have to spend $20 on a noisy fan.
230
ae
AERCO FoO-—-ESsS
FD-68 Drsc syvysTeEm
DISC INTERFACE ::
Mowgli Assor
This article is mainly for those of you who like to
tinker, and a knowledge of 2Z80 machine code is very
helpful. It is also helpful if you have HOT-Z 2068,
ZEUS. Assembler, or some other assembler package.
The routines that are listed, took me about 3 weeks
to perfect! This shows that doing the code to actually
access the disc is VERY finicky. The routines have been
tested on ROM revisions 8.8 through.8.9, so if you have
these ROM revisions and the routines don't work, the
first thing that you should check is whether anything
was ‘mistyped.
Before actually accessing the routines, it always
helps to actually turn on the drive! This is NOT done
automatically. Calling 3542h will turn on drive A, 3547h
will turn on drive B, etc.
When actually accessing the sector routines, you
first need to set up certain registers with the drive
parameters. The following parameters are required:
LD B,<Track number >
LD C,<Sector number >
LD HL,<Buffer address>
After loading up these parameters, and loading
chunk 1 from the dock bank, you can CALL 3556h for read
or CALL 3568h for write.
The following is a rough flowchart showing how a
routine would read a sector off of disc. Following the
flowchart is the routine in Z80 assembler code.
-- START --
-~~- Do IN 244 --
“~~ Save result for later --
=~ Do OUT 244 with chunks —-
-- O & 1 enabled --
em CALL S542h to turn ON drive --
-« LD registers .B, C, & HL =
~~ with parameters --
—~—- CALL 3556h to READ sector --
~~ CALL S3582h to turn OFF drive -——
-- RETurn to BASIC code —-
Se en Ste SS NN SONS SHOES SNE GREY SERRE OES ERG SEES GENE SHRED SEnd LEE HORE GheD GEOR SueD Kemet Heed GtnMD ORGH GERD SRNES GEOG SERGE SMEED COMET EEE GOSED ORMND GiemY GORE EERE GEN memes oote
The Z80 assembly code goes something
like this :
PUSH AF - 3
PUSH BC ; > Save stuff for
PUSH HL sf the return
IN A, (F4h)
PUSH AF ; Keep bank status
for later
; Make sure to set
chunks O & 1
3; Enable chunks
OR 3
OUT (F4h),A
—-~ If needed, the change side -~-
~- select routine goes here --
CALL 3542h 3; Switch drive A ON
LD BC 01 ; Load B = track,
C = sector
LD HL,SAOOh :; Load HL = buffer
address
CALL 3556h ; Read 1 sector
CALL S582h s; Turn drive A OFF
FOP AF
OUT (F4h) ,A ; Set things. back
to normal
POP HL : \
POP BC : ~ Get stuff back
FOP AF .. for RET
RET
To use the above routine to write instead of read,
change the "CALL 3556h" to "CALL 3568h". The parameters
should, of course, be set up exactly the same way. To
use a different drive, change the "CALL 3542h" above to
"CALL 3547h" for drive B, 354Ch for drive C, or 355lh
for drive D.
The above routine works well for a _ single-sided
drive, but what about side 2 (side 1, according to the
AERCO I/F itself)? A little bit must be added to the
above routine to account for changing sides.
This is the change side select routine:
LD A,1l ; LD A with
; Side select
; 0 for side i,
: 1 for side 2
LD (3FEBh),A ; Set it up
When this routine is executed, chunk 1 MUST be
enabled, as otherwise you will be trying to write to
ROM. 3FEBh translates into 16363 decimal, and you may
wish to PUSH AF in the above routine and then reload the
side select before you RETurn to BASIC. :
In using the routines, I have found it the easiest
to POKE the parameters into the machine code routines,
and then RANDOMIZE the above routines.
Enjoy, and keep Timex-ing!
OLIGER SAFE DISK SYSTEM V2.2
Dick Wagner
This report updates my article on the OLIGER SAFE
DOS V2.1 System (see TDM Jan/Feb '87) to the current
V2.2 system.
There is now a MOVE /"FILENAME" TO n command, to
transfer an individual file from one disk to another
drive. (Even with my combination of 3" and 54" drives.)
Now you can unmix various files and put them in order as
explicit groups.
VERIFY will find a file by name and check the data
for any errors. There is also an auto-VERIFY that goes
into action on each SAVE.
Another improvement is in making FORMAT and MOVE
quieter, as now only one pass of the head is’ required.
This is an unusual bit of news: another DOS (not
Kingsley's) is out on the market that works with the
Oliger system. Abbeydale Design's SPDOS is available and
works as the Ramex system.did. Thus files made on a
Ramex system can be used with the Oliger SAFE system.
Some RAM is used as about 4K of memory is required.
Details on the SPDOS are available by writing to the
John Oliger Company (11601 Whidbey Dr., Cumberland, IN
46229).
i
A MERGE /"FILENAME" command.is being promised, even
though the SAFE DOS EPROM is getting rather full. It is
possible that use will be made of BRAM for some future
commands.
The. John Oliger Company now has two software im-
provements available: one helps select SAFE routines
from Machine Code, and also a great index. program that
works in /O file (1 1/2K). This program reads the
CATALOG names and the user has an arrow. to move to the
selected file and on ENTER, the program is loaded. No
more listing file names! A neat way to keep that. index
current. Any time a file is saved, the program just
reads the added name. However, only the file name is
displayed and not the other information that CAT dis-
plays. If there are several files with the same name but
‘saved as BASIC, CODE, DATA, etc., then CAT must be used
also.
The index program is part machine code and is fast.
At first I was using this program on a disk without
files, so it really didn't show much. Then when I put
the program onto a disk with files, it was apparent how
it was to be used. the menu also shows the disk name, so
now there is a use for the name required for formatting.
For prospective users of this index program, there
appears to be an error in line 300 (first statement). I
kept getting an error code for wrong subscript, so I de-
leted (LEN n$) and it worked. Another thing to watch for
is to keep an unused file for the program in /"o". I was
unable to save the program to /O if there was any data
in it, as there are almost 1300 bytes in the program.
The easiest system seems to be to LOAD /"0", format a
disk and then make a SAVE /O. As additional files are
Saved, the program reads the names without any input on
the user's part, other than the LOAD /0O.
AAT MICRO ORIVE SYSTEM”
Larry Zunk
I would like to share this utility sub-routine with
everyone who uses the A&J Micro Drive System. This
utility allows you to create a command line and execute
it from:a running program without breaking to change
command parameters (i.e., LINE xxxx or CODE XXXXX,XXXX
or DATA x$). If the command was SAVE, an automatic
VERIFY is added on to the command line. SCREENS is’ the
only exception (you cannot verify a screen save because
the file name is printed to the screen file and _ there-
fore changes the file before it can be verified). The
utility can be renumbered and/or merged with any BASIC
program as long as the first program line is a REM
statement with 80 spaces.
I hope this utility will be of use to those of us
with the "poor mans disk system"
: tig 10@ REM
} 23s" et 333 IF CODE z7$tf)=14 THEN LET Ff
i) 1987 Zunk Custom Electronics 110 INPUT (t%; "File mame. (<=7 E€ =F45
4800 EF. Cedar Lane HRS 3} Ses fS> ar LEN TEs" TR 3id IF CODE z$(fj}>+31 THEN PRINT
Norman, Oklahoma 73G871 ae Og Fg Petri;
- 315 NEXT fF: PRINT RL;SAT @,.@0; "Is
1 REM 138 REN = this command Line OK iy PA
FOR 5% I WILt SEND A 140 INPUT “auto start at LINE & USE @: IF INKEY$<¢>"yU" THEN GO TO
TAPE COPY TO ANYONE NOT to disable auto start enter 180 325
eS 70 TYPE ZN THE gs ET 320 ON ERR GO TO 330: GO SUB @
CG. s ae UR a a ; toe 325 oe f = K
158 IF — THEN TNPUT a 2 LET fFfHe(256+#PEEK 23S636+PEE
e CLS : PRINT “STORAGE CAPACI
TY & ACCESS TIME”
3 PRINT ‘’"“Tape Length Capacit
¥G, ACCess treet) C2- 4 4.8
(seconds)"™
4 PRINT ‘TAB 4; "10"; TAB 15; "1
pee: TAB 25; "i2e"’ ‘TAB 4;”"20"; TAB
"DB"; TAB 25;"24"'’TAB 4: ao
AaB 15; "49k"; TAB 25;"42"' ‘TRB 4
; '50"; TAS 15; "70k"; TAB.25; "60" "’
TAB 4; "62"; TAB 15; "85k"; TAB o>
> FOR f=s66G@ TO i156 STEP 16: PL
OT @,fF: DRAW 255,00: NEXT fF
6 PLOT 8,60: DRAW 0,103: DRAW
255 ,@: DRAU 2,-103: PLOT 91,68:
ply @,103: PLOT 165,60: DRAW @
Pa
7 PRINT AT 15,0; "I would like
to share this Utility suUb-
routine With all those who us
€ the poor mans disk system.
8 PRINT “For 5$ I wilt send a
tape copy of this program to a
n one me LnS to ty eit in
18 ON ERR RESET : BEEP 7 38: R
ANDOMIZE USR 2el?: POKE 23656, @:
PRINT #1;AT 8,8; "A&I Micro Driv
e DISK SIMULATOR Mat Moad Hav
e format Bit": PAUSE @: LET z
S=INKEY $
28 IF
uA
j
Z$="S" THEN LET t$="" SAV
E *: £0 TO 230
38 iF 2g="1" TREN LET t$=" LOR
D> ": 60 TO 239
35 IF z$="q4" THEN RETURN
42 ON ERR GO TO 335
SO IF zg="f" THEN SAVE “@2;5+~
6@ IF zg$="c"' THEN CLS _:. PRINT
BI;AT 1, 0; "BREAK FO STOP CAT":. ¥
ERIFY “en
7@ GO TO 2
8@ REN LS.
98 INPUT "Save File number &"
File: RETURN
code address ";addr: INPUT "“# by
tes “;, bytes: RETURN
1708 INPUT “Load to address or
enter @ to toad to saved addres
Ss Zadar
18@ RETURN
190 REN —
2408 INPUT
array + i
} aes oe RETURN
21 REN =id:
228 RANDOMT? ZE USR Beit7: PRINT #
SAY @.0; FLASH 2:tS; ELASH @; AT
1,8; "Basic Bode ata Bcreen"::
IF z$="t" THEN PRINT #1; @erse*
230 PAUSE @: LET 2z$=INKEYS
ge Leo eS Save “- THEN GO SUB
250 GO SUB i142
260 IF z$="b" THEN GO SUB 448:
GO SUB 342
ere IF 2a="t" THEN GO SUB i5¢@:
GO SUB 448: GO SUB 480
260 IF ze¢="d"" THEN GO SUB 190:
GO SUB 44@: LET z$=z%+" DATA “+d
Se" 03: LET -2$=284+": VERIFY ""“e"
#Z7%(6 TO 3}: GO SUB 3560
298 IF z$="s" THEN GO SUB 4420:
rf name of ry ee
ring fa;a%; bs;
LET 73= ne ea ". GO SUB 369
“aan If 2ka"A" THER LET t=" MER
GE “: GO SUB 342
310 CLS : PRINT "The Microdrive
command has been assembled at Lt
ine @. If the command was SA
VE it watt VERIFY tatt except sc
REENS, because theCAT print chan
ges the dispay files) then ret
urn to the menu.
This Uti titd-P
rogram can be renumbered and
for merged with any basic as Ut
ong as the First program line i
S REM + 8@ spaces.
PRESS L¥a 5
EXECUTE COMMAND"
oe PRINT *“"*"*@"s: FOR fst TC. 222
ZH
23635+4).: POKE £234: FOR fsf+l
TO F4Len 289: POKE fF, Set NEXT fe:
GO TO 2
S30 PRINT AT 21.0," SAVE DIDN‘'T
VERIFY .: BEEP 1,0: PAUSE 106:
PRINT AT 21,8;TAB 3S@: GO TO 18
soo PRINT AT 21,0; °HIT CENTER]
FOR INFO": GO TO 10
S4@ REM LE Sts
350 IF tg=" SAVE “ THEN LET (ten
=LEN ZS: LET z2$=z$+" LINE “+STRS§
Line: LET x=stine: GO SUB 490: L
ai 2S-235+¢": VERIFY “"S"sz5(6 TO
en}
ag
388 LET Oe S58 sPEEK PSBS6+PEEK 2
S635+4: LET b=1: FOR f=a TO atLE
N Z§-—i: PORE:-? ,VOCDE -28tb).: LET &
=b+1: NEXT fF
398 RETURN
480 REM See
410 IF t$=" SAVE “ THEN LET z$=
Z$+"CODE "“+5TRS addr: LET x=addr
>: GO SUB 498: LET 2$=zZ$+","+5TRS
bytes: LET x=bytes: GO SUB 4990:
a Z$=Z9+": VERIFY ""@"4+z9(6 T
420 IF t§$=" LOAD “ THEN LET z=
Z$+"COCE *“: IF addrs? THEN LET =z
$=ZH+STRS wins ea x=s=addr: GO 5
UB 498 é
= PES a
450 IF t$=" SAVE " AND oe="b" bil
HEN GO SUB i138
460 IF t$=" SAVE " THEN LET z%=
1845" “@"<4STRS Fi let”, +f ee" -
470 IF t§=" LOAD " THEN LET Zz $=
t$+°""' ‘ft +f $+ as st estas
430 RETURN
Sie 4). See
50@ LET L=x-2554INT (X #206)" LE
T K=INT (x 7256)
51i@ LET =2$=Z$+CHRS 144+CHRS O+CH
R$ B+ICHRS L+CHRS H+CHRSE OG
S20 RETURN
KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK KR KK KKK KR KKK RRR KKK KKK RK KKK KKK KKK KK AK KKK AK RRR KAKA KR KAKA KKK KE
Pt ee ee es ES
oO F THE
jo oe Von” eee eT
OOOO OOOO OOK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK KKK RK KK KAKA KKK KK RR AK KK KKK KK ARK KKK KR KKK
Cedric R. Bastiaans
I have a bag of 100 coins, containing penny, dime and half-dollar denominations.
Total value is #5 (five dollars).
Write a program for our computers to find how many of each type of coin???
1]
ANSWER ON PAGE 14
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Memory/Trace Using Interrupt Mode 2
by Floyd
Having a 2680 processor in the Timex 2068 gives the user a
powerful suite of instructions to use. One of the most’ useful
is Ime. This instruction allows the user to divert interrupts
to their own routines to do almost anything imaginable.
In normal operation the processing is interrupted 60 times
a second so the CPU can update the screen and read the keyboard.
The CPU then returns to the next instruction it was to have
executed if an interrupt had not occured. Ime allows us to
assume control and execute some instructions before returning
From the interrupt.
The problem with using IMNe in the e068 is that the 280
assumes that an interrupting device will place one byte of data
on the data bus. It then combines this byte with the I register
to Form an address. At this address it expects to find a
second valus, the routine address to which control is to be
passed.
In the Spectrum this works very nicely, as the data bus
always contains @SS CFFh), due to the way the hardware was
designed. A person wanting to use IM2@ can always count on thes
value being placed in the I register will be concatonated with
FF to form an address. With the 2068, at the time of an
interrupt, the data bus will have any value From O to 2SS. This
makes it impossible to predict what will bs combined with the !
registers.
In the Sept/Oct 1985 Sinc-Linc Cfrom the Toronto:
Timex-Sinclair Users Club) Bob Mitchell suggested that by
setting aside e56 bytes, for a vector table, IM@ could be
effectively used. By loading a vector table with the same
no matter what value was found on the data bus, it would
the proper routine address.
byte,
Find
Chrysler
With this thought in mind, I dug out some old code JI _ had
been working on to provide a constant display of how much memory
was available and a trace of basic program line numbers. Bs!
up the routine to load a vector table and initialize Ime
entry. The routine will start by displaying the amount of
space available. By pressing enter and K, at the same time,
routine will switch to display line numbers as your Basic
program runs. A delay has been Duilt in so the line numbers’ can
be read, you will notice a slowing down of your’ program’s
execution. By pressing enter and J, at the same time, the
routine will return to displaying free space. To stop the
routine completely press enter and L at the same time. To start
the routine or restart after pressing enter and L use RANDOMIZE
USER 65ec6l.
set
upon
Free
the
I have provided a Basic program to load the code. Type it in
and save it before running. Once keyed in, and = saved, run the
program to poke the code into memory. Save the code using Save
*"memtrace” CODE 65021,464%. To start the routine use RANDOMIZE
USER 65281. Any keying errors may cause your machine to crash so
double check the data statements very carefully.
I hope that this routine gives you a good example of how IMe
can be used and spurs you on to develop some good routines’ to
share here.
continued next page
FOO OOOO OOO OCC OOOOOOOOOOGOOGOROOOOOOCOOOORGOCORCOOCOO OOOO OOOO GIGS OIG OGIO
SOLUTION OF THE FUuUZZLE OF THE MONTH
OOOO OOOO GOOG OOOO OOOO OOO Kx
We will assume the bag to contain x pennies, y dimes and =z
halfdollars.
There can not be less than 10 pennies (the total value of the bag would never come to
an even $5). For the same reason, x can only increment by 10 and the maximum for « is
70.
The number of dimes is limited to 44 so as to leave room for 10 pennies and 1. half-
dollar. And it would still not be a solution, since there would be only 55 coins to
total $3!
In a Similar reasoning, z can not be more than 9 and probably much less.
Thus we write the following program:
10 FOR X=10 TO 90 STEP 10
20 FOR Y=1 TO 44
30 FOR Z=1 TO 9 i
40 REM SUM: LET S=X+Y+Z ;
JO REM VALUE: LET V= X+10OXY+50xZ
60 IF S=100 AND V=500 THEN PRINT X3" PENNIES"*’s¥3" DIMES"*:Zs:" HALFDOLLARS"
70 NEXT Z
BO NEXT Y
90 NEXT X
100 STOF
In about a minute, your TS2068 will print the answer:
60 pennies $0.60
39 dimes $3.90
1 half% = $0.50
100 coins = $5.00
CEDRIC R. BASTIAANS
14
BASIC Listing
100
CLEAR 65020
FOR C-6S021 TO 65023
READ X: POKE C,X
NEXT c
FOR C=-6S261 TO 65484
TS2068 Program:
MEMTRACE
READ X: POKE C,X
NEXT C
STOP
DATA 195,28,255
DATA 197,213,229,245,33,0,254,6,0,54,253,35,16,251,54,253,6
S,G0%,ear, 74
110
DATA e41,225,209,193,237,9%,201,255,243,197,213,229,245,1,2
34,191,237, 120,254,260
120
i, 39,
130
~a92,
140
S, 42,
150
DATA 40,28,254,26,40,10,254,22,32,11,175,50,75,255,24,5,62,
73
DATA 255,205, 78,255,241,225,209,193,251,201,237,86,24,246,0
GU, 237 , 31,102
DATA S2,33,191,80,34,76,255,58,75,255,254,1, 204, 187,255, 32,
63,392
DATA e4,5,42,178,92,237,82,1,240,216,205,139,255,1,24,252,2
05,139,255, 3
160
DATA 156,255,205,139,255,1,246,255,205,139,255,1,255,255,20
3,133,255, 201.,175,9
170
@ ,%2,
180
01,8,
130
-
200
DATA 60,56,252,237,66,61,198,48,229,205,165,255,33,76,255,5
76,255,205
DATA 176,255,225,201,237,75,54,92,38,0,111,41,41,41,8,235,2
8,26
DATA 1159,36,19,16,250,201,6,10,197,1,244,1,33,0,0,17,0,0,23
DATA 176,193,16,2%41,201
Example Routine
INIT
LOOP
START
INTERRUPT MODE 2
CLEAR 64763 GIVES 484 BYTES FOR ROUTINES
RAND USER 65025 TO START
FCC. =" FEFE 64764 - 64766 JUMP ADDRESS
FDOO - FEOO 64768 - 65024 VECTORS SET TO.’ FC*
EEO) := FEB 65025 - 65051 STARTUP CODE
FEW = FFFF 65052 - 65535 AVAILABLE
DEFS 64764-ORG
JP 65052 JUMP TO START OF ROUTINE
REM
REM SPACE FOR VECTOR TABLE
REM
DEFS 65025-ORG
PUSH BC SAVE
PUSH DE REGISTERS
PUSH HL
PUSH AF
LO Hi ,64768 LOAD START OF VECTOR TABLE
LD B,00 SET REG. B FOR LOOP
LD (HL) , 252 LOAD DATA
INC HL POINT TO NEXT BYTE
DJNZ LOOP CONTINUE LOOP
LD (HL) ,252 LOAD LAST BYTE
LD A,253 LOAD VALUE FOR INDEX REG.
LD I,A LOAD INDEX REG. FOR 64768
POP AF
POP HL RESTORE
POP DE REGISTERS
POP BC
IM 2 TURN ON INTERRUPT MODE 2
RET
DEFS 65052-ORG
REM
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(503) 824-2658
1S
Memory/Trace Using Interrupt Mode 2
Assembly Listing
65021
65021
65024
65024
65024
65281
65281
65282
65283
65284
65285
65288
65290
65292
65293
65295
65297
65299
65301
65303
65303
65304
65305
65307
65308
65308
65309
65310
65311
65312
65313
65314
65317
65319
65321
65323
65325
65327
65329
65331
65332
65335
65337
65339
65342
65345
65346
65347
65348
65349
65350
65351
65353
65355
65356
65358
65362
65365
65368
65371
65373
65376
65378
65381
65383
65386
65388
65391
65394
65397
65400
65403
65406
65409
65412
65415
65418
65419
65420
65421
65422
65424
65426
65427
65429
65430
65433
65436
65437
65440
65443
65444
65445
65449
65451
65452
65453
65454
65455
65456
65457
65458
65460
65461
65462
65463
65464
65466
65467
65469
65470
65473
65476
65479
65481
65482
65484
C31CFF
2100FE
0600
36FD
23
10FB
36FD
SEFE
O1FEBF
ED78
FETC
281C
FEIA
280A
FE16
2008
AF
324BFF
1805
3E01
324BFF
CO4EFF
Fl
ET
D1
C1
FB
c9
ED56
18F6
oo
BFSO
EDSB655C
21BFS0
224CFF
SA4BFF
FEO!
CCBBFF
2005
2A455C
1805
2AB25C
ED52
01FOD8
CO8BFF
0118FC
CO8BFF
O19CFF
CO8BFF
O1F6FF
CO8BFF
O1FFFF
CDBBFF
cg
AF
ED4B365C
2600
6F
L250
L251
it
L2
L3
L4
CS
L6
L7
L8
L9
L10
TZ
L13
L14
LS
L16
ES
L18
FOFO-FOFF
FEOO-FFOO
FFO1-FFFF
65021-ORG
EY
65281-ORG
HL ,65024
B,00
(HL) ,253
HL
L257
CHL) ,253
A,254
I,A
AF
HL
DE
BC
2
65308-ORG
56
BC,49150
A663
L4
00
20671
DE, (23653)
HL, 20671
(L7),HL
A,(L6)
01
Z,L17
NZ,L10
Hl 23624)
i
HL, (23730)
HL,DE
BC ,55536
E12
BC ,64536
E12
BC ,65436
L12
BC,65526
2
BC,65535
EA2
A
HL,BC
A
C,L13
HL,BC
aA
A,48
HL
L14
HL,L7
(HL)
He, ¢L79
ETS
HL
BC, (23606)
H,O
LA
HL, HL
HL, HL
HL, HL
HL,BC
DE,HL
B,08
A, (DE)
(HL) ,A
H
DE
L16
B,10
BC
BC ,0500
HL,OO000
DE ,0000
BC
L168
INTERRUPT MODE 2
CLEAR 65020
RAND USER 65281 TO START
65021-65023 JUMP ADDRESS
65024-65280 VECTORS ‘FD’
65281-65635 AVAILABLE
JUMP TO START OF ROUTINE
SPACE FOR VECTOR TABLE
SAVE
REGISTERS
LOAD START OF VECTOR TAB
SET REG. B FOR LOOP
LOAD DATA
POINT TO NEXT BYTE
CONTINUE LOOP
LOAD LAST BYTE
LOAD VALUE FOR INDEX REG
LOAD INDEX REG FOR 65024
RESTORE
REGISTERS
TURN ON INTERRUPT MODE 2
OISABLE INTERRUPTS
SAVE
REGISTERS
CHECK KEYBOARD
READ KEY(S) PRESSED
ENTER AND ‘L’
YES, TURN OFF ROUTINE
ENTER AND ‘K‘
YES, TURN ON TRACE
ENTER AND ‘J
NO, CHECK PRIOR SETTING
YES, TURN TRACE
OFF
GO SHOW MEMORY LEFT
SET SWITCH FOR TRACE
GO DO SERVICE REQUIRED
RESTORE
REGISTERS
ENABLE INTERRUPTS
RETURN
RESET INTERRUPT MODE 1
GO RETURN
ROUTINE SWITCH
SCREEN DISPLAY ADORESS
START OF FREE SPACE
RESTORE DISPLAY
FILE
ADDRESS
TRACE REQUIRED
YES, CALL TRACE ROUTINE
NO, GO TO MEMORY ROUTINE
CURRENT STATEMENT NUMBER
RAMTOP
FIND MEMORY LEFT
CALC. # OF 10,000 BYTES
CALC. # OF 1,000 BYTES
CALC. # OF 100 BYTES
CALC. # OF 10 BYTES
CALC. # OF UNIT BYTES
CLEAR
ADD NEGATIVE VALUE
CONTINUE TILL NO CARRY
RESTORE ‘TO CORRECT VALUE
DECREMENT BY ONE
CONVERT DIGIT TO ASCII
SAVE HL REGISTERS
GO FIND DIGIT
INCREMENT SCREEN
DISPLAY
ADDRESS
GO PRINT DIGIT ON SCREEN
RESTORE HL REGISTERS
RETURN TO CALLER
POINT TO CURR. CHAR.
ZERO REG. H
LOAD VALUE IN REG L
DOUBLE
DOUBLE AGAIN
AND AGAIN
GET CHAR: ADDRESS
SAVE IN REGS DE
RETURN TO CALLER
SET
MOVE CHARACTER TO SCREEN
LOOP UNTIL MOVED
RETURN TO CALLER
LOAD DELAY FACTOR
ROUTINE TO
DELAY
FOR
TRACE
RETURN TO CALLER
ALARM CLOCK
Kenneth Fracchia
Does your TS2068 usually sit on a shelf doing
nothing at all? Here is a program just for you. Your
computer will be transformed into a full-time digital
alarm :clock and timer. Unlike most alarm clocks, two
separate alarm times can be set, or you can set the
alarm times about ten minutes apart, and the later time
will act as a "snooze" alarm. Although the alarm times
and the current time will be displayed, you do not need
a television or monitor to use the alarm feature.
Type the program into your computer and save it
using the command GOTO 9999. Now "ALARM CLOCK" will
automatically. start when you LOAD it. Since you may not
be using a display, a BEEP signal will tell you when
the program has been loaded. Now you can. set the two
alarm times and the start time, following the two steps
below for each time.
1. Depress ONE of the following letters:
T....to set the Start Time
A....to set Alarm A
B....to set Alarm B
2. Depress the number and letter keys in the order
that they would appear on a digital clock. Do not leave
spaces, and do not use the SHIFT or ENTER keys. Also,
"AM" or "PM" must follow the numerical time.
Any of the above times can be set in any order, and
can be changed by setting them again. To use the clock
only, it is not necessary to set any alarm times. De-
pressing CAPS-SHIFT and BREAK together will RUN the pro-
gram, clearing all previously set times.
Example: The clock will be started at 8:30 PM, and
you want the alarms to sound at 7:25 AM and 11:05 PM.
Depress the keys as follows--—"T830PMA725AMB1105PM".
To use "ALARM CLOCK" as a timer, set the start time
to OOOPM or OOOAM. Set one of the alarm times to _ the
number of hours and minutes to be counted. Example: You
want the alarm to sound in 5 hours and 32 minutes.
Depress the keys as follows-- "TOOOPMA532PM". The maxi-
mum time can not be more than 12 hours and 59 minutes,
and, if the starting time is followed by "AM", then the
alarm time should be followed by AM too.
If you are not using a television or monitor, you
should verify all set times. Depress "VT" to verify
Start Time. "VA" and "VB" will verify Alarm A and Alarm
B times. The computer will BEEP the number of hours set,
one BEEP for each hour. Then, it will BEEP the number of
minutes, using a quick succession of ten BEEPS for each
multiple of ten minutes, and the remaining minutes will
be verified with single BEEPS again. Finally, a high
pitched BEEP indicates "AM", and a low pitched BEEP will
will indicate "PM". Example: Alarm B has been set at
8:35 AM. Depress "VB". If the time was set correctly,
you will hear 8 BEEPS, then 3 sets of 10 quick BEEPS,
and then 5 more BEEPS. Finally, "AM" will be verified by
a high pitched BEEP.
Once the times have been set, and verified if
necessary, depress "S" to Start the clock. If you are
not using a display, the "tick-tock" sound will let you
know the clock is running. If the "ticking" sound is too
loud, change the number 15 in Line 212 to a _ lower
number. "O" will completely cancel the sound.
To stop an alarm which is already sounding, depress
the SPACE BAR. The alarm will sound again in 24 hours.
The alarm will automatically stop after one minute. To
16
TURN OFF the alarms,
alarms). The alarm times remain
pressing the letter "A" (Alarm) will turn the alarms ON
again. The alarms can be turned on and off only while
the clock is operating.
depress the letter "Cc"
in memory,
(cancel
and de-
ACCURACY CORRECTION FACTOR
Look at Line 3 of the listing. CF is the "correc-
tion factor", and it must be changed to equal the number
of seconds gained or lost during a 24 hour period. A
negative number will slow down the clock, and a positive
number will speed it up. Example: After a day (24 hours)
"ALARM CLOCK" gained 2 minutes and 57 seconds. This
is equal to 177 seconds. Now change Line 3 to "LET CF=
-177". If "ALARM CLOCK" is still not accurate within one
second per day,. determine how many seconds fast or slow
it is running. Subtract this:-number from the previously
calculated value of. CF to slow down the clock, or add it
to speed it up. Example: Having changed Line 3 to "LET
CF= -177", your alarm clock was running slow at a rate
of 2 seconds per day. Add 2 to -177, so now, "LET CF=
-175. Note: The ON ERR command in Line 5 will prevent
you from "breaking" into this program. To change the
value of CF, you can MERGE the program, and then make
the necessary changes.
Hope you enjoy this program, and look for an in-
teresting graphics program that is scheduled to appear
in an upcoming issue of TDM.
1 REM RALARHCLOCK BY
KENNETH FRACCHIA
So LET CPe?: SEM Cr IS THe
CORRECTION FACTOR, AND IS EQUAL
TO THE NUMBER SF SECONDS GAINED
OR LOST DURING H 24 HOUR PERIOD,
A NEGATIVE NUMBER WILL SLOW DOUN
THE THE CLOCK. A POSITIVE NUMBER
Wit SPEED Ji Ur.
4 BORDER @: INK ?: PAPER @: L
ET CFsCF71448: CLs CIM T$(5)
5S ON ERR GO TO 1
6 PRINT AT 12,0; "T,A,B-SET
ART'; TAB 21; “A-TURN ON”, TAB @;°A
NO ALARM TIMES"; TRB 21; "BOTH ALA
RMS"
7 PRINT AT 15.0; "VUT,VA(UB-UER
IFY"; TAB 21; "C-CANCELS"; TAB @;"A
BOVE TIMES"; TAB 21; "(TURNS OFF)"
;TAB 21; "BOTH ALARMS" |
8S PRINT AT 18,0; "S-START cLoc
Kee. STAB 2; "NOW USE"; TAB 3; "COM
MANDS"; TAB 3; "AT RIGHT"
9 PRINT AT 18,0; "CAPS-SHIFT &
LET BR=a"¥": L
LET 5=8: LET AH
oT
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~ EET VeO: -LET-Z228: LET tee: Ler
Meo"" Lee Nes LEY Oger" = os
4M TSi6:- FOR xsi TO S$: BEEP .2;2
HEXT. x
iS 2F INKEYS<:"°" THEN GO-TO .15
i? 2F iNKEYS="“ THEN GO.TO 1/7
186 IF INKEYS$="S8" THEN GO TO 28
if TF INKEYS='S" THEN LET Wai:
SO 70 3S
20: 3 INKEYS="T". THEN LET Ze:
GO TO 35
25 Lf INKEYS="A”"° THEN LET Ye:
GO TO 35
26 IF INKEYS='‘U" THEN. BEEP <3.
S: GO TO 38
30 GO TO 15
oo BEEP .1,5
26 FOR “<1 TO 6
40 IF INKEYS$<>"“"" THEN GO TO 42
TREN GO TO ane
Coa Bee Cay
a
: 42 IF _INKEY$=
45 LET Ig=INK
NEW BOOK 3 LET TS ix) =2
4h i :
MH GO TO 65
6@ NEXT x
65 IF TSi5)="M" THEN LET Tale
TO 6) =Teid TOS): LET Teid) ="
66 IF THiS TO 6) ¢o"AM" AND Ts
ty) .--.
The Ultimate Resource ee ee.
O7 IF FTetli<cze” 2 AND Teta «s“41
- - “ THEN BEEP i1,-208: Go To 15
For Your Sinclair QL! BS IF Tei2i <8" OR Ts i2lova" o
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30: GO TG 45
69 IF T#itli="i" AND Ts(2 2
THEN BEEF 4,.-22. 60 To 15
, 70 IF F=i THEW LET H=VAL TSii
TO 2): LET M=VOL"Te(2 TH 4)s LET
M$=T$i5S Ta & PRINT AT 4,11;"5
TART TIRE ‘aT = s+ ted To Ss
"ar (3 To 4 THiS To & iL
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. . ALARM — 75_ “IF Y¥si THEN LET AHSVAL THi1
TAKING THE QUANTUM LEAP: rove’ Let anevat re tye" 4)% 2
ET 19s (STG 6): PRINT AT @,5;"
" as ALARN-A" ont ere oe a cae ne ae
The Last Word on the Sinclair QL CLOCK Barrera Se Ft S78, ie eT
@: GO To 15
b 60 IF W=i THEN LET BH=VAL T#il
y TO 2): LET BM=VAL Ts(3 TO 47: L
. ET O$=TS(5 TO 5}: PRINT AT 28,23
Mike de Sosa "ALARM-B" "AT 2,22; TS(1 TO 2) | avis
; TRIS. TO. 405" “i tetS Togo: Ler
The only QL book to cover the lastest advances in hardware MeO: 60. Fi. 25
: — ee ee eek ad ek Og =3S672 7 ee iy, ‘
and software. Chock full of useful programs and examples. ot saeco ee ee
Fully illustrated, 280 pages. No QL owner should be without it! aOG- PR At 4, 335" «% S *
21@ PRINT AT 6,12; (" “ AND H<21d
$26.00 )+STRS H:'TAB 15;":"; TAB 16; ("8
; AND M<i@i4¢STRS Mi TAB 19; "2 "i TRE
ss us = ST : 5; =a 23;
EXCLUSIVELY AVAILABLE FROM: 20; ("O" AND S<i0)+STRE S;TAE 2
211 SCGUND §,8;9,0;10,0
TIME DESIGNS 212 SGUND 7,31;10,15;10,0
99722 Hult Rd 2135 IF S=@ THEN LET Ag="A"
2ld IF ({tH=AH AND M=AM AND MS=N
= Colton, Oregon 97017 a ae ee a oe
waren, omy | BM ge ea en ae
(503) 824-2658 (24 hour order line) 216 IF INKEY$="A" THEN LET B=
3 ¥°: SOUND 7, 56,2 253,155, 276, 15:
19,15;18,15: PRINT ara. 73
ST CLASS MAGAZINE 2i?f IF INKEYS$="C" THEN LET &84="
iY: SOUND: 7, 50;4,9°3,9;5,5;8;15;
BYTE POWER is a highly sophisticated S$, 15,108,425: PRINT FLASH 1;AT 1,7
conputerized nagazine on cassette for ae ee oebeee aoue
the 1/5 2068 and Sinclair Spectrun. 22@ IF ABS (5i-P)33 THEN Go TO
215
No longer will you have to ae in a. 2ef LET 35is51+650-CF: IF 51:=+256
fastidious prograns... JUST THEN LET 51=51-256
BYTE POWER is the ultinate nagazine with over 130 prograns per est $=68 THEN LET m=m+i1: LET
nost of then in fast nachine language. Prograns such as 35 IF m=6@ THEN LET hehe: LE
shor, CONSTRIX, 35P CSnall Screen Painter), HUNTERS, Rea ae See Pores
FUNNY FACES a are. sone exanples of the hi uality prograns 240 IF 4=13 THEN LET h=1
published in BYTE POWER Magazine. BYTE brings you this 245 IF N$="PH" AND H=12 AND H=3
quality progranning at a very snall cost... AND S=08 THEN LET M$="AM": GO TO
247 IF M$="AM AWD H=12 AND Maa
--LESS THAN 39 CENTS A PROGRAM, based on a year subscription. AND S20 THEN L a. te. 2
i Issue (Current or Back eS ee ee me oe Ce isa re a 3 ao ‘ed oa _, “=
B Issues (Starting with Current or any Back issue)........929.99] g °°? Th INKEYS<;"" THEN GO TO 22
12 Issues (Starting with Current or any Back issue).......$49.99 3@2 IF INKEYS$="" THEN GO To 3a2
S@3 IF INKEYS="T" THEN LET F=H-:-
First Class PORE os cer kk octkt. @eeeneeaeoeoeeeee ed Sek ge 93 oo Be Mure ue Ree 3 7
Back issues 3 F INKEYS="A" THEN LET F=AH
Cing i in a high quality ving] albun) } Ler @=an Per Peane Ge TO aao
Back iasues fron AUG°66 to FEB°67 for 1/3 2066 ONLY, all others | = Eys="6" THEN LET F=BH
for T/3 2088 and Sinclair Spectrun. Write for nore infornation geet Sab: EET Eg=0%: GO TO S67
a
3@6 GO TO 38a
about issues and their contents. 307 BEEP .1,5: FOR x=1 To Daa:
NEXT xX
ALSO AVAILABLE FROM BYTE POWER... S@5 FOR X=1 TO. F: BEEP .7,5: NE
XT ae por xeh Te 80: NEXT x
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DEMONSTRATION / CATALOG Paks seen tdeedan eiciwaceneee ue 319 FOR Q=1 To Iti: FOR R=1 TO <
BYTE POWER’S FIRST CLASS FONTS.............--$12.00 Postage Paid | 4° eo FRR O5y5: NEXT _R: FOR X=1 T
88 Compilation of all FONTS used in BYTE POWER Magazine ses 312 FOR X=1 TO 8@: NEXT x: FoR
aint cath se% Plus a whole lot noretff see X=1 TO G-18+IN:. BEEP .7,5: NEXT
e Egreuter x: ee Toe, Neat x
0. Typ BYTE POWER’S FIRST CLASS PROGRAMS CPROGRAM TAPE 1).....917.00 PP SiS IF _Eg="AM" $="PM" THEN
= sus 9 prograns for the ZHO1 CT/3 1000-1500) on 1 tape see De S=TBH A) AND Eg="AM")-(15 AN
3 oo oOo 1s
as U.35. FUNDS ONLY beet gt ae ie ee tore Take oe: ee!
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N Money we 402 IF INKEY#="" THEN Go To 2415
2 aces BYTE ae - 4065 IF INKEYS=" " THEN LET Ag=
Q: ie
_ 1746 Meadowview Avenue. 418 GO To 215
BYTE POWER’S FIRST CLASS FONTS Pickering. Ontario, Canada Li¥ 368 $999 SAVE “ALARHCLOCK" LINE i
KKKKKLLKLKLKKLKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLKKKRHRERee KKH MH YH
Dear
August 13, 1987 The official
I had hoped to have the next version of Customized
MSCRIPT done by now. It was to have been called V5.3.
But that changed last night.
I stayed up all night working on V5.3, in a_ crea-
tive binge. New ideas and solutions. were flowing like
water over Niagra. In dawn's early light I realized
that what I have here is Version 6...a really radical
change from V5. Oh, it's not done yet...there are loose
ends to tie up, compaction to be done, testing, docs to
be written...but essentially all of the new features
that I will describe are WORKING. |
When will it be ACTUALLY done? Well, if I _ had
nothing else to do but work on this program, it would be
done in 3 days. But I earn my living by making wooden
toys and selling them at craft fairs...and the fair
season is just starting. So I estimate 2 or 3 weeks til
V6 is totally done. Maybe more...
I regret any inconvenience this may cause. I can
only assure you that V6 is worth waiting for. When done,
it'll be sent out on a "first come, first served" basis.
I only have time to send out a few copies a day.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Before I can send you V6, I need a
copy of your printer manual!!! NOT the whole thing, but
just a few pages (usually in the back of the manual)
that list all of its control codes. Do not tell me that
your printer is "Epson-compatible". For my _ purposes,
there is no such thing.
If you have more than one printer, send manual-copy
for each. Even if you have a daisywheel, I still want
the manual-copy.
V6 is designed to use fully the power built into
modern dot-matrix printers; but some of the new features
will also be quite useful for daisywheels.
I have several general requirements for V6:
1. It must have no less text room than V5.
2. It must be compatible with V5 where possible.
3. It must be extremely easy to use and understand.
4. The documentation must be clear, concise and
thorough.
5. It will be "pre-customized" for the user's
printer, so that the user can immediately use it without
having to figure out how to customize it. That's why I
need your manual-copy.
First some definitions:
TRANSIENT: definable by user within textfile.
SEMI-PERMANENT: predefined by me, but re-definable by
user from BASIC or by using another program such as
FONTMAN.
PERMANENT: not user-definable.
_isT OF NEW FEATURES In VG
1. PRINT-—PAUSE/QUIT
During printing, press ENTER to pause printing, press ENTER
again to resume. Or press SYMBOL-SHIFT+BREAK to terminate
printing.
DUAL FONTS: there will be two SEMI-PERMANENT 96-character
fonts: a MAIN font and a GRAPHICS font.
There will be a GRAPHICS cursor, selectable by FUNCTION-9%.
When the graphics cursor is used, graphics characters will
go into your textfile, and will be represented on-screen by
the graphics font. How your printer prints these characters
will depend on the capabilities of your particular printer.
If your printer has 1 or more bit-image modes, these will be
user-selectable within text; and both the MAIN font and
GRAPHICS font will be used for printing if you have selected
one of the available bit-image modes. These modes
essentially govern how many characters will fit on a line.
4. Transient ITALICS control. (PCODE *#)
MScCRIPTers
*"Fairware”
8.
will handle like a 1987 Ferrari,
MAN, +$5 for media/mail/handling/documentation.
AFTER you get and try, please.
newsletter. Jack Dohany
3S. New IMBEDDED CODE SYSTEM:
codes:
1. NCODES
2. LCODES
3. PCODES
There will be 3 kinds of imbedded
@-9; transient;
a~-z3; A~-Z3
permanent;
short for NUMERIC CODES.
semi-permanent; short for LETTER CODES
short for PUNCTUATION CODES.
NCODES are the normal MSCRIPT printcodes #0-#9.
LCODES are new; each LCODE is a single letter that
represents a sequence of printer control codes.
Tasword has 16 similar gadgets. We will have 52, and they
will be quite discernible on screen.
PCODES are like normal MSCRIFT imbedded “+" and “-" symbols.
They are used to control things such as ITALICS on/off, and
GRAPHICS PRINTMODE on/off, and BIT IMAGE MODE selection.
All of the above codes are imbedded in the usual MSCRIPT
manner, using FUNCTION-G.
& The Mscript FIND function will be made less fussy.
7. A few minor MSCRIPT flaws may be corrected.
MSCRIPT BASIC will be drastically simplified.
Some of this may sound complex. But believe me, V6
instead of the 1947
Buick resembled by V5. NOTE: if you do not have a_ good
font generator program, then I suggest you order my new
FONTMAN. It's very full-featured and includes 20 edit-
able fonts and a fast MC font editor that is controlled
by the keyboard or either joystick.
How much is all this gonna cost you? Well, as usual
that's up to you; I'd suggest $15 for V6, $5 for FONT-
Donate
If you have only a 2040 or daisywheel, or are not
interested in graphics, you may prefer just to have
v5.2.. If so, holler.
In any case, please be sure I know what printer in-
terface(s) and mass storage device(s) you have.
é
HREKEHKKKEKHERKH
Other new FAIRWARE goodies now available:
1. Customized VUCALC for big printers.
2. Customized MASTERFILE for Aerco disc + big printer.
(comes with a Sinclair Vendor database)
Duane Ruck’s BAé4 for AERCO disc, now with full printer
support by Jack Dohany; with special version of FONTMAN.
PRX...an experimental printer driver, the “seed" for
SUPERDRIVER.
'
3S.
4.
HHH HH HK HE EE
FAIRWARE GOODIES in the works: (NOT available real soon)
1. SUPERDRIVER: maximum printer support package
2. BIGFONT: for making and using big, complex fonts.
KHEKEKHHERKEE
Please note that MSCRIPT, VUCALC, and . MASTERFILE
are copyrighted. You must certify that you are a legal
owner of each before I can send you may customized ver-
sion.
I thank all of you for your continued patience and
Support...and a BIG thank-you to TIME DESIGNS for
printing this.
Ql
=~
Welcome to another installment of CLASSY FRONT END.
And "thank you!" to all who have written and who have
sent in sample listings, tapes and comments on past CFE
articles. It is certainly a thrill to see how much in-
terest this segment has spawned. It makes all those late
nights worth it! Speaking of which: I mistakenly said in
the last article that my new son was sleeping through
the night...seems now I'm spending more time at the crib
than at the keyboard!
Listing 1 is a complete BASIC listing for the first
283 bytes of the total CFE machine code program, plus
23 bytes of code and necessary BASIC lines to allow
testing and running of this portion. Listing 2 is a
dissassembly of the 283 + 23 bytes of code which for
this example resides at address AFC8 (45000 decimal).
Please note that the 23 bytes contained in lines 100 and
110 in Listing 1 and those 23 bytes starting at address
BOE3 (45283 decimal) in Listing 2 will be dropped when
we put the total program together next issue.
For those who saw it, remember the movie "2001",
and how puzzled you were when you walked out? Think of
next issue as "2010".
Listing 1 very simply reads the print coordinates
from BASIC lines and converts them to PLOT coordinates.
"Is that all?", you might ask. Well, almost. There are
also some error traps and a facility to read values from
eight variables we can set up. Now I'll admit I don't
have the machine language prowess some readers. un-
doubtedly possess. But the program does function well.
If anyone has some ideas for shortening or enhancing the
code, by all means send it to me! In this program, DE is
set equal to the values we POKE into the spare RAM
addressses at 5CBO and 5CBl (23728 and 23729 decimal).
These values tell the program where it is in memory. (By
using relative jumps CFE can reside in any free area of
memory.) HL acts as the BASIC pointer and BC and A are
used for computation. CFE saves and restores all reg-
isters, so should not interfere with other code you may
wish to run with it.
We can't possibly discuss all the code here, but I
will shed some light on the things you need to. know.
Looking at Figure A you will see a light by address of
lines 230 and 240 of Listing 1. The USR call starts the
code to reading the contents of the next line which must
always be a REM statement. If the program doesn't find
" (quotation), AT, or TAB, then the program will halt
with "ERROR A" (plus the offending CHRS$) printed at the
bottom of the screen. You can then escape by hitting
BREAK. If no error is found, the program will read the
coordinates. In this example, both are variables (a and
b). As shown in Figure B, the first thirteen bytes of
code are storage. The first three are flags, the next
eight are variables (a through h) and the last two are
the PLOT coordinates x and y. In this example, the pro-
gram finds the values 21 and 31 in a and b, and converts
them to PLOT coordinates, which are 248 and 0.
LINE 230
CONTENTS
Wee Ee UP
MAO to how
Ces ENO OF LINE CHES
f
UNE 240
INFO
Lo.
Cf
REM
AT |
: | | PRINT COORDINATES
ITEM(S) 7 BE PRinyTED
END oF UNE CHES
CORON PRP RIN (O(N ood coe oe coe eg ee oe ed oe eC ve)
fy
fn nny fu ty fo to fafa to ty fo fo fo fo te fo to fo no fo
10000 00000 00 00 00 0000 00000000 10 1010 10 1010 6 Los
TORI ORIG RIURIURUSRIOHIOR(SEIGR(GHIORCGRIORIGRIORIORIONIORUGRIONI)
TUOFPWMNE WOOO Oe eww yom
HOP OOO Ibe MRT RRB Bee EN
Caf Ot F* WC at fe J mo
45080
45001
45062
450085
45004
45085
450656
45007
450083
45089
Figure B
This may all sound pretty simple, but it isn't. The
program handles variables, single digits and double
digits in any configuration and converts them. If the
program runs across improper syntax here it will halt
with "ERROR B" plus the offending CHR$ as before. With
TAB.the value read and converted is the x value, the y
value remains whatever it was previously (as in BASIC).
A BASIC line like REM "." will print at tne location x
and y were set to previously. For PLOTing to a_ location
on the screen which is different than the 0 to 21 by 0
to 31 PRINT coordinates conform to, we can POKE PLOT
values in the x and y slots directly then execute a REM
"whatever" to print "whatever" starting exactly where we
want it.
Now let me just detail a couple of nifty little
routines this program uses that can be ,incorporated in
any program. In line 100 of Listing’l is the code which
accesses the PLOT routine in the TS2068 ROM. By letting
BC hold the coordinates we want and then calling 2638
(9784 decimal), the TS2068 will PLOT our point. Coor-
dinates too big for the screen will return with an error
message as in BASIC.
Another likeable routine is a BO41 in Listing 2. By
calling 2009 (8201 decimal) we access the TS2068's
routine to read the keyboard for BREAK. A simple six
byte program will access it: CD0920,38FB,C9 (205, 9,
32,56,251,201 in decimal) will do it!
Continued Next Page.
Renew Your
Subscription Today!
available (see Figure B).
Now Listing 1 run as-is will produce a grid of dots
on the screen corresponding to the PRINT coordinates
These dots indicate the bottom
left-hand corner of the first CFE letter to be printed.
By testing other BASIC lines you can get a feel for what
the program needs as coordinates. As in BASIC, the error
traps will not tell you if your values are too big,
covers most syntax problems.
Next time we will look at the business end of CFE:
the printing routines! If you just can't wait until next
time, I would be happy to send you an advanced copy of
the dissassembled listing. Just send
Bingham, P.O. Box 2034, Mesa, AZ 85214.
program on tape send $5. Ses you next time!
Listing 1
i REM cCrtEe.s
+ LET code =45080
S LET print stooges is
6 POKE 23728, (code-2564INT tc
ode 256) | PORE 23729,INT (cade
256)
Y FOR te=codé TO code€+305: REA
>. 6 POLE t+, 802 WEAT +
1@ CATA QO, Q, sees 6,0, o, a, 0, 8, Oo,
7,229, 245, 515 345 34° 176, 92, 217,
ese, 91, 176, 92
20 DATA 93,127,62 »O,118,35,119
,o0,119,42,85, 92,1,5, @,9,126,254
Pe: & 3,32. 6,235,54.2 235 ,24,77,254
,i72,32,6, 235 ,54,1,235,24,67
($1) to
Listing 2 er
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aeeS Bo Mor Bese
AFCR 80 Mor Bess
AFCB Be Mor BS37
AFCC 2B Nor Bese
AFCE 8 NOP B8S3A
AFCE @8 Nor Be38
AFCF 8a MOP Bea3r
AFD ea NOP Bese
AFD B22 mor Bade
RAFDS 80 MOP Be@t1
AFDCS 82 HOP Beda
AFDSA 80 MmoOP Bede
AFODS OS PUSH DE Boda7
AFCS cs PUSH BC Beds
AFD? ES FUSH AL Be4d3
AFDS FS PUSH AF BG4dA
AFODOS £9 EXK Beds
AFOCR @S5 Ex ArPLAF- Ba4cC
AFOB CS FUSH CE Bear
AFOC cs FUSH BC Bede
AFCO £5 FUSH HL Bear
AFCDE FS PUSH AF Bese
AFDF C9 EXK Besi
AFE@ EDSBBSSC Cp fe ihe Bes2
AFE4 £29 EX . B8s3
AFES ECSBBASC LO DE, (nihiai B@s6
AFES 62 EDs Bes?
AFER 6B Eo ie Bess
AFEB SEBO Lo A,Be B@SB
AFEL 77 iby CALA GR Besc
AFEE 23 INC RL Bese
AFEF 77 LO (HL),A Bese
AFFRB =3 INC AL BeSF
AFFI 77 {Oo (HLI,R Besl
AFFe 2eAsssc tome fAax ois Beo2
AFFS 8180582 ip Bc,Beas Baod
AFFS 89 ROD RL,.BC Bess
AFFS VE Lf AR, (RL) Bess
AFFR FEAD cP ALD Bess
RFFC 2866 UR NZ, BeBd B26o
AFFE EB ex De He Be6c
AFFF 36e@2 if (HL?) ,@2 Bese
Beei EB Sx. DE Gri Ba6r
BeGe i346 YR BesSi 5S7o
Be@4d4 FEAC cP AC Bere
Bees 2ee5 UR NZ, BABE Be73s
B6ees EB EX DE,AL Be7s
Bees 2621 LO 140.3. 01 Ba?7?7
B@eO@B EB EX DEAL Be7s
Be@eC 13453 UR Basil Be7A
BeBE FEZ2 cP pe Be7B
B@18 28656 UR NZ,BOL1S Be7c
Bei2e ES PUSH HL Be7e
B@1i3 £11He@1 iO HL,O11A BOTF
B@is 19 AOD AHL,DE Bes
Bei7 £9 YUP {HL) Bess
BE1i3 EB EX DF. Hi. Bess
Beis 1641 tS 0 D,42 Bes7
BBIB B174e82a it BC,@ea74¢ Bessa
BeiE 83 ADO HL,BC Bess
Beir 2 ED 4H}. 6D BeE8R
BE2B 23 INC HL BeaCc
BG21 2: INC AL BeBE
B@2e2e 23 INC HL B@sF
Bees 7? it tRL}.A BSeol
Beet BSE io A,.BB Beog2
Bees CDH3e1e2 CALL 1232 Besa
B@2S SESS to AR,45
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04,1,40,4,38
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1,8,166,53,118,92,1231,62,0,18
9,8, 68,245, 12e, 145, ee 44 24,24 =)
eae, 213, 235, 7 32 25,209, 119,
G2,2,186, 225, 24, i4¢°
99 DATA 5a, 118, S2,1,8,8,183,;62
,@,203,68,48,1,12¢9, 203,33 5203.44
,16,245, 235, 235, a7,41; @,25,289,1
is, 225
100 DATA 229,33,11,8,25,78,35,7
0,205,56,33, 225
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241,225,193 ,283,291
208 FOR y=8 TO 2i
219 FOR x=@ TO 3i
220 POKE cod€+3,4: POKE coded,
vv
230 RANDOMIZE USR print
240 REM AT a, b;i°.”
2506 NEXT x
260 NEXT y
SO@ STOP
SQ8 FOR t=code TO code+12: PRIN
Pere aes i See | ee ee
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RST 10H Be96 25 INC HL
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RST 10h Bess 81765¢C il BC.séed
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RST 16H Beoc 23 INC Hi.
LD A,S2 5Beoo ES PUSH HL
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itp A,28 BeSF FE@2 CP B82
RST 16H BEAL 2823 JR Z,BOc6
LO A.73 BBAS @125A5 LO BC,RSBS
RST 10H BeAG 3A76SC iD A, (seed)
ip A,73 BRAS GF ee ee
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CALL 2Paeaa BeAC BD By oe OS
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ADD ALC BaFr7 Ci FOP
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LC A,De
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TS Communique
Joe Williamson
A forum for people having problems with their 1000,
1500 and 2068. If you have any questions, send it to:
TS Communique
c/o Time Designs Magazine Co.
29722 Hult Road
Celton, O8.97017
I have a Sony video camera, Model 8AF. Now Sony’s Dear Larry,
new model V110 has a built-in character generator for Your problem 2068 sounds like it may have a power
adding titles to the tape recording. Unfortunately, I supply problem. Check the 12 volt supply at U8 (the 12
was premature in my purchase, not Knowing of the forth- volt regulator) or at C44 (first electrolytic capacitor
coming new model. I thought I might use my 2068 as a behind speaker) for a steady 12 volts even when
character generator feeding the video output into my peripherals are added. Also check the 5 volt line on the
Camera after programming the computer to display the positive end of C40 (largest capacitor in front. of RF
title. modulator). If these are OK, try a monitor with the
The idea was fruitful and I was successful in taping computer. If that works OK, suspect the RF modulator. if
titles......but in black and white only! I use channel 3 monitor does not work OK, suspect Q@4 or Q5 and possibly
and the display on my monitor or a TV is in brilliant the decoupling capacitors in the video circuit and last
color. I tried the color adjustment you suggested to but not least, the SCLD. ,
John Buckmaster in the MAR/APR issue of TDM but with no For your second problem, I assume you don’t want to
success. There are no adjustments available on _ the dimension an array because of tincreased loading and
camera. Of course I could point my lens at the screen Saving time. So, why not do what Pro/File does and save
but the tittles are not clean and sharp. A$ as machine code. That way you could save just the
program and then upon loading next time, have the
William Andrews program dimension whatever it needs and then load your
San Anselmo, CA data into the dimensioned area. To do this, A$ (in your
case) would have to be dimensioned first and always
Dear William, first. The beginning address of the variables (VARS) is
You may want to try connecting the 2068 to the CCD- held by locations 23627 & 23628. Because A$ is first,
V8AF video in and monitor the video coming from _ the dhe can peek these locations and find the starting
Camera and then adjust the color as told in the Mar/Apr sahil esa
issue. If this ae not work then it must be that the The actual data starts 6 bytes (the first six bytes
signal from the 2068 is not compatible enough to work. contain the name of the array and the length) from the
wien Starting address. You will have to keep track of how
long the data array is so you can save just the data and
Know where the end is, call the length L. So to save the
data, use: SAVE “name” CODE 6+PEEK 23627+256xPEEK 23628,
L and to load use: DIM A$Cwhatever length you
I am looking for information concerning a routine or ’
program to use a Atari CX85 Hex Keyboard aa entering want):LOAD “name"CODE 6+PEEK 23627+256xPEEK 23628. Keep
numerals on a Timex 2068. I purchased an Atari joystick track of the length L. You could even save it as part of
and using the programs in TD, I had no trouble. Since your data. You can also load up you present data and
the Hex keyboard used the same port as the joystick, I convert it over to this new way of LOAD/SAVEing. -Joe
thought just plugging it in would work. It would not.
Therefore, any suggestions or ideas from you or_ your
readers of TD would be greatly appreciated. The keyboard
uses the National Semi. 74C923 (what ever that is??). I have two plain Timex 2068’s and from the copyright
screen at initial turn on, I ask “PRINT FREE”.
Glenn Ruch
Lehighton, PA #1 2068 answers 38652
#2 2068 answers 6012
Dear Glenn,
The 74C0923 is a 20-key Keyboard encoder. A few years I discovered this problem when I tried to LOAD a
back there was a company that sold that keyboard with long program from tape and got the "4 Out of memory”
instructions on how to modify joystick port 2 on _ the error. Any ideas on what the problem is and how it can
2068 by adding and/or cutting out diodes to allow the be fixed?
hex pad to work. I checked through my collection of
newsletters and flyers and could not find it. If anyone Dennis Zacharias
has one or the information, please pass it on. -Joe Yukon, OK ;
Dear Dennis,
If you take 38652 and subtract 6012 you get roughly
I have two questions for the TS Communique column. 32K of memory missing. This would indicate that the
1: I have 3 2068s and one of them has a very jerky upper 32K of memory is either bad or not being refreshed
screen for about 10 minutes when it is first turned on (updated) by the SCLD. There are three banks of 16K RAM
or if I attach any peripherals to it it jerks all of the inside the 2068. Obviously the lowest (16-32k) bank is
time. The screen seems to fan out at the bottom every working because it initializes and displays a picture
time you hit enter or do a screen DRAW. (the display file and system variables are in the 16-32K
region). .
2:I am trying to write a program that stores data in a Most likely the SCLD IC is not properly refreshing
long string. I didn’t want to dimension a string so that the upper 32-64K region. It is possible that the memory
the program would grom as data was added but when the ICs themselves are bad. To check this try writing a
string gets about 8200 characters long and I try to add program that successively POKEs each address. between
more to it, i.e. LET AS=AS+N$, the computer thinks it is 32768 and 65535 with O the reads it back and then POKE
out of memory and stops with an error report even though the same address with 255 and read it back and have it
I have 22000+ bytes left. Is there a way around this print each address which gives back the wrong answer. If
without dimensioning a long string and if not how can I none of them do, then the SCLD is bad. If some do, see
add length to a dimensioned variable without loosing if it is in a specific bank such as the 32-48K bank or
the data in it. the 48-64K bank. U12 & U13 is the 32-48K bank and U17 &
U18 are the 48-64K bank. -Joe
Larry Zunk
Norman, OK
Continued Next Page.
TS Communique |BINGHAMS BEST J///
@&@e6
iene ssi
After working with my TS 1000 for 30 minutes or. s0, GRAPHICS sesssssssnnnsnnnenaaE
the screen goes blank. It is located on a hard surface en Look AT 2068 pau winane®
to prevent overheating. It doesn’t feel very warm to. my ANOTH ~ OR LESS a
hand. What can I do to get more time on the computer qansetstt MOR tee
} pannusnesente®
Robert Haver
Atlanta, GA
cre vel
by cunaio8 ents nae
4 caphy~~* tt
the at 2,0 18 a ines
ie SO ae $00 shows
’ ~
2» _e
Dear Robert,
The first thing to do is to see where the problem is
coming from. If you have a 16K RAM pack, remove it and
see if it still goes blank after 30 minutes or so. If it 3
does, it is probably the ULA chip inside the computer — igne
although I have seen a weak 5 volt regulator do the same -Easy Des s
thing. Get some freeze mist from Radio Shack and try Ultra 24
pinpointing the problem after it goes out by freezing
an IC chip and then unpower/repower it. Once you _ have
determined what the problem is, some TS 1000 vendors may
have spare parts or computers but good luck.
If you suspect the RAM pack as having the_ problem,
first check the the voltages on the RAM IC chips inside. ate le
Pin 1 should have -5 volts on it, pin 8 should have ae Cae " ae Y ae ot
around +12 volts on it and pin 9 should have +5 volts. on ey -
The negative supply would most likely be the problen,
particularly the switching transistor connected to the
small transformer. If its not the power supply, iS 2s
most likely one of the memory chips. If this is the
case, it would be easiest to just replace the entire RAM
pack. Good luck. -Joe
—-s
Ld
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Winter Fest => 382
The Timex/Sinclair user groups of Florida announce Sots
that the Sun State Timex/Sinclair Winter Fest ’88 will ert Soe
be a reality next March 4, 5, and 6 1988 in Orlando at mee
the Orlando Marriott on International Dr. Everyone othe
should plan to come, bring the family and spend the week hte mt Tont Sem
here in the #1 vacation spot in the US! Our’ third VY ‘feet at See aie
organizational meeting will be held the last of | een mt co eon geen ome eae
September. Full details will be in the next issue of : aie
Time Designs. For more information now, call the
Sunstate TS bulletin Service at (904) 775-0093, 300 baud Tea
8-1-N, 24 hours, 7 days a week, Or write to: 249 N. ;
Harden Ave. Orange City, FL 32763. -Joe Williamson
MAX 1000
Make the Most Popular
‘“"Mods” Compatible On Your TS1000 —
Tim Stoddard
,
f
How would you like to have a_ 1TS1000/ZX81/TS1500 that
loads and saves any size program from a diskette drive within ABOVE RAMTOP
3 seconds, has a built-in DOS, has 64K of memory, runs :
ZX-TERM*80 is fully relocatable! However, it can't be
eg ageing pasts es hg fee oe . eb ¢ ee placed in the "hidden" 6K area because that area is where the
down/upload a full 16K file via ASCII xfer or XMODEM without hi-res display file is iccated. it covld He placed in the
hassles, run machine code anywhere up to location 49152? BASLE SEOR i) (HOE: SERS ) WE CRER BWA) SOO Peventialiy « targe
3 section of RAM to xfer files to and from. The manual indeed,
’ shows how to set it up inside the BASIC area, but also
eee ee Ee re ites ithe pie ae describes how to relocate the program even above RAMTOP! This
ae 64K & ema Bs $28 - ene ihe Ngee nto Be ee RE is great, but machine code routines above the 32K boundry are
' ; not executable..... so how can this method work? I learned
ZX-TERM¥80 from Silicon Mountain Computers, and John Oliger's from Fred Nachbaur that John Oliger had developed a circuit
BPs BREUER. that will allow the TS1000 or ZX81 to run machine code in the
“hea lot gs 2 SRe > ene ee ik b 32K to 48K area! The TS1500 has ALWAYS been able to do this!!
a a s) fe) un w s combination ecause
I had not noticed this effect, so I tried a small routine on
my TS1500 starting at 32768 and it worked! Try this
yourself... POKE a 201 ¢( RET instruction) at location 32768,
then execute a RAND USR 32768. You'll get the 0/0 code back
indicating completion. NOW try the same on an expanded TS1000
or 2X81. The code will store there, but when you execute the
RAND USR 32768 the machine will reset! The M1 signal causes
ZX-TERMX80’s hi-res display routine occupies the same area
that LARKEN’s LDOS does. Fred's EXCELLENT manual on
ZX-TERM¥80 hinted on a solution to this problem: How da we
use this SUPER communications program with the SUPER disk
interface from Larry Kenny? These are the notes on how I
approached Fred’s hint to the solution.......
Le
min ait Lerws excePT Pus
9410 on 741510
Figure 1
To socker Pin 27 WHERE
——_——
—
z2P0 Pw 27 YSED TO a4
GSv)
BEwd VP :
ovt 0
PIN’ 27 lS
(Ai)
Jou OLIGCER'S
M1 NoT ADAPTER, ADAPTED TO
WORK wiTtt THE MWTRMIL 64K
MODIFICATION — THIS Wil ALSO
WORK WITH ExTRRVAL TSIOl& PACK
UPGRADED TO 64K
any RAM above 32767 to LOOK like RAM in the lower half of the
memory map. This is done because of the unusual display
routines for these machines. The TS1i500 does the same thing
but only in the 48K to 64K area. John Oliger'’s solution to
this problem is to ALLOW the Ml
signal only during the time
it is needed: during the
48K to 64K area as in the TS1500.
His circuit is normally installed on the ULA chip since that
chip is the one that uses the M1 signal, which, by the way,
indicates that the Z80 CPU is fetching an INSTRUCTION to
EXECUTE. Some RAM upgrades do not use the M1 signal and these
RAM packs will work, however some packs do use the Ml signal
and will not work with this adapter and this is the case with
my RAM upgrade. Don't dispair, though! If the adapter is
installed on the 280 CPU so that the Ml signal is supplied
EVERYWHERE, ‘(instead of just the ULA chip), then it will
work. FIGURE #1 diagrams the adapter installed on the Z80
CPU. Silicon Mountain Computer also sells the Mil NOT ADAPTER
that installs on the ULA chip. This can be used by "tapping"
off the Ml signal from the ULA chip and supplying it to the
internal RAMs decoding circuitry where the Ml signal normally
goes. This is shown in FIGURE #2. After installing the
adapter ( either one) try again the test we used above. This
time it will WORK!
Now you can run ANY machine code residing
in the 32K to 48K area.
Figure 2
Mi SIGWAL TO
SRAM AdDdDRESS
DEcooep, (745145)
Tueovgn pind&
ApAPTING THE Ai NOT ORDER.
FRom4 Sicicond Moun Ait) ComPuTRS
wWoRK with THE TRWAL 64k Mob
Fred’s Hint...
Since ZX-TERM*80
need a way of selecting only
this in the Addenda to the
Considerations”. In this discussion he
switches to disable/enable the Disk
used for the 8K hidden area. FIGURE #3 shows the decoder for
the internal 64K upgrade as shown in May/June 87 TDM. The
wire from pin 2 to pin 3 of the 74LS145 is simply cut and is
replaced with a switch mounted on the outside of the case.
Switch OFF to disable the 8K area, and ON to enable the area.
If you have a HUNTER board, replace the jumper at "Ji" with a
switch mounted at the top of the PCB, and add the resistor as
shown in FIGURE #5. For those who are ambitious FIGURE #4
shows how to expand the decoding on my internal 64K upgrade
to allow selection of the 8K area in 2K blocks AND allow for
the needed enable/disable feature. I mounted the DIP switch
shown in FIGURE #4 just behind the expansion edge connector
and LDOS use of RAM we
Fred discusses
"Mass Storage
describes using
interface and the SRAM
the same area
one at a time.
manual on page 2,
so that changes can be made through the expansion opening in
should be
Silicon
HUNTER
go this route.
Contact Fred Nachbaur there for pricing and modifying it for
the case. The
mounted somewhere on
Mountain Computer
board called the
enable/disable switch,
the outside of the case.
also sells an excellent ‘updated’
SCRAM board if you wish to
of course,
the enable/disable switch.
LARKEN INTERFACE
FIGURE #6 diagrams the interface and shows where
mount the enable/disable switch. Pin 1 of the 74LS139 must be
bent out and a 4.7K resistor soldered from pin 16 to pin 1 of
switch are then soldered to
that. IC. The two wires from the
pin’ 1 of the 74LS139 and pin 6 of the 74LS32 just behind it.
Again, switch 'ON’ enables the interface and switch 'OFF'’
disable it.
eT
SRAM
Pps 2e
mq Figure 3
EXSISTIIS
DECOR FoR
INTRRABL 64K c ;
— Appice HIDDEN AREA EWABLE/DISABLE
Switct To WTELVAL 64 K SRAM
wT
soon DISABLE (Pranac ScHematic)
RIGHT SIDE
OF CASE EwAGLE
RD aererd fn 22 OF
DARGA SRAMS
Figure 4
+5
C3 Pw 20 PIGGY BACK
sn SQA
MRE aan
Al Cs Pu 40 Senet
AIS
Alt
AIS
ss EARLE €—y DISABLE
Appwe “yiDDEN AREA eure |bsegue
SwitcH TO wTERMAL 64K SRAM i
WITH EXTENDED DECObING
(Furie SCHEMATIC)
E D
ASS GLUE SwiTcH To
BAK oF PCB
oo
Figure 5
Huwrer BoAeD Mop
FoR Adprrow oF EwAsce/dIsABLe
Switch — BACK SIDE °F PCB
tice Continued Next Page.
\ 42K
RES!STOR
zxsi/Tsioco LARKEM Mod
Fok ADDITION oF EWABLE /DISABL
SwiTCH — Top sibE oF PC
SOFTWARE
To use this arrangement you must enable the disk
interface, and disable the hidden RAM. Load the program, and,
just before the program accesses the hidden RAM disable the
disk interface and enable the hidden RAM. For those with
ZX-TERM*X80 change/add the following lines in that program to
prompt you for the needed enables and disables.
50 RAND USR 14336.
55 REM SAVE "ZTERM. BC”
56 PRINT AT 10,0;"SWITCH TO SCRAM NOW, PRESS
C TO CONTINUE..... _
57 IF INKEY$<>"'C’ THEN GOTO 57
980 PRINT AT 10,0;"SSWITCH TO DISK NOW, PRESS
C TO CONTINUE...... "
985 IF INKEY$<>C THEN GOTO 985
1000 RAND USR 14336
1002 REM SAVE "'ZTERM. BA”
1007 PRINT AT 10,0;"SWITCH TO SCRAM NOW, PRESS
C TO CONTINUE. «105. M
1008 IF INKEY$<>"'C" THEN GOTO 1008
i<ee TO
é
£
KTP
_- (VEG) TIP
pay POWER COMNECTOR
eM y GLvEd HEE
SHOwasa) w/THOUT
ties HEAT SINK
wsTAued
Figure 7
D
(Ppa SS SSS
é
4
J
LARKEN Mob
+5 vot SvePry AbD-ON
CoMPuTe,
Gar wae |S
POWER IT ALL
The LARKEN does not come with a 5 volt supply. FIGURE #7
shows how to install a 7805 regulator, a coax power
connector, and a power cord going to the computer onto the
LARKEN board itself. A 9 volt wall-type power supply, such as
the one built by Commodore and being sold very cheaply at
Radio Shack, ( 277-1026), can now be used to power the entire
set-up, via the coax power connector on the LARKEN interface.
The center leg of the 7805 and the tip connector of the
coax socket ( Radio Shack 274-1565) are soldered to the very
wide trace. The right leg of the 7805 is soldered to the wide
trace to the right of the very wide trace. The left leg of
the 7805 and the wire, attached to the tip of the plug that
will go to the computer, is soldered to the side connector of
the coax socket. The wire attached to the side connector of
the plug going to the computer is soldered to the very wide
trace. Also install the 10 uF tantalum cap to the 7805
regulator, as shown in FIGURE #7. NOTE: Attach a heatsink on
the 7805 after installing it!
ENJOY these mods and we'll see you next issue!
Beginning 280 Machine Code
LESSON TEN
oyd Wyncoop
The subject this time is the Z-8@ Block instructions.
are block instructions for I/0, search (compare),
(assignment). We listed the block I/O instructions
but they are detailed again in chart 1.
Before we look at the instructions, we need to
of the Z-80’s flags.
There
and transfer
last lesson
review one
It is the parity/overflow (P/V) flag and is
an overworked little devil, as it keeps track of two condi-
tions, depending upon the instruction being executed. I gave you
a chart of affected flags, by instruction, in lesson 5 (if you
need lesson 5, contact TDM for a back issue! )
Overflow is similiar to carry except that it occurs only
when there is a carry from bit 6 to bit 7, of the accumulator,
in signed arithmetic. The effect of an overflow is to change the
sign bit of the accumulator. Overflow can be detected by use of
the carry flag, but it is more difficult.
The use of the P/V flag we are interested in is Parity.
Parity is either even or odd and is simply a count of the. set
bits in a byte or register. An even number of set bits results
in even parity and a set parity flag. Parity is indicated with
the logical, rotate, I/O and all block instructions.
The actual use of the parity flag in the block instruc-
tions is to indicate when the BC register pair has been decre-
mented to @ (see below). You will recall that 16 bit decrements
do not affect the zero flag. Since the Z-80 can indicate BC=-% in
the P/V. flag, it could have done the same in the zero flag,
except that the zero flag already has a use in the block
instructions (see below).
There is one last piece of information we need in order to
use the block instructions; how and which registers do we need
to set-up? All the register pairs are used as follows.
The BC pair is a 16 bit counter. The parity flag is set and
the block instruction is terminated when BC=@. There is no 8 bit
counter allowed, except for the I/O instructions, where B serves
the purpose.
-part of the instruction,
The DE pair is a DEstination pointer for block memory
transfers.
The HL pair, as usual, is a memory pointer for all the
block instructions.
All the block instructions decrement BC and either incre-
ment or decrement DE and HL, according to the type of instruc-
tion. The third letter of the mnemonic will be ’i’ for and
increment or ’d’ for decrement. d
If the fourth letter of the mnemonic is an ‘r’, then the
instruction is functionally the same as the the 3 letter
version, except that the instruction repeats until a counter has
been decremented to @.
Now for the instructions. I have listed the instruction (a
few samples for each group) with its operation broken into
"equivalent’ instructions, next to it. REMEMBER, the equivalent
instructions are for clarification ONLY and are not executable!
The first set is the completion of our I/O instructions,
from last lesson.
Ini Indr
Ld (HL), (C) Loop Ld (HL), (C)
Inc HL Dec HL
Dec B DJNZ Loop
Notice that the block instruction is the same as
the In r,(C) instruction from last lesson. The difference is
that r can only be (HL) and the B register is a counter, hence
the above ’equivalent’ instructions.
Note also, how the auto repeat works. Since the
no other operation can
loop (except, of course, interrupts--but that’s
The loop is not exited until B=@.
repeat is
occur in the
next lesson).
o4
The block Out instructions are the same except that the
byte pointed to by HL is moved Out port (C).
The block search instructions are a variation of our old
friend Cp (compare), as follows:
Cpd Cpir
Cp (HL) Loop Cp (HL)
Ret Z Ret Z
Dec HL Inc HL
Dec BC Dec BC
Jr NZ, Loop
Note the additional exit point (Ret Z). These are called
the block search instructions, as they will look at each byte
and set one of two flags. The zero flag is set if A=(HL), (there
is no Ret to anything) or the parity flag is set if BC=@. Since
the Ret Z is for demonstration only, it is important to know
that the operations on BC and HL will occur, even if a match has
occurred. Therefore, you may need to adjust a pointer, after a
match.
For example, assume the accumulator contains FFh, HL
contains 4@00h and BC=@6h. This is the section of memory to
search:
Address Contents
400Gh OSh
42O1h @9h
49G2h F9h
4903h FFh
4004h C9h
429@5h Elh
The search will end with the match at address 42@@3h and the
registers will contain:
A = FFh
HL = 4@@4h
BC = @ih
The zero flag will be set, to indicate a match, and the
parity flag will not be set, as we did not reach zero in BC:
The last group of block instructions are for memory trans-
fers (move one block of memory from here to there). They are
essentially a variation on the assignment instructions (Ld)
except that they work on two memory locations, instead of a
register and a memory location.
The registers must be set-up in advance for these instruc-
tions to work properly, as follows:
BC = size of block to transfer
HL = first byte address of block to transfer
DE = first byte address of new location of
block, after transfer (DEstination)
Once the registers are set-up, the instructions work like
this:
Ldd Ldir
Ld (DE), (HL) Loop Ld (DE), (HL)
Dec DE Inc DE
Dec HL Inc HL
Dec BC Dec BC
Jr NZ, Loop
Note that we have only one exit to the loop, the case where
BC=@.
The following routine should be placed in your @ REM state-
ment, to move your MC above Ramtop:
Move Ld HL,Base
;Sstart address of your MC
Ld DE, Ramtoptl
;destination address above
;Ramtop, where your MC will run
Ld BC, Length ;length of your MC routine
Ldir ;move your MC above Ramtop
Ret ;back to Basic
One important point, any absolute addresses (Call nnnn, Jp
nnnn, etc.) must be adjusted to indicate locations within the
new block. The usual method is to assemble your MC to run at its
correct location, then place it in the Rem statement for storage
and SAVEing. This is the better method of saving and running MC
from high memory on the TS1@@@, than the method I gave last
lesson. See if you can make a small change in the above routine
to move your MC from high memory to your @ REM statement, using
the Lddr instruction.
The last caveat to watch for with transfers is overwriting
a portion of your MC, if the blocks overlap. When there is an
overlap of blocks, the bytes can often only be moved in one
direction or from one end of a block. For example, the routine
above moves a block from start to end. It could just as easily
been moved from end to start, using the Lddr instruction, if the
pointers indicated the end of each block.
The astute reader will begin to see some possibilities in
these instructions, as they are fast and very powerful. You
could, for instance, write your own ’find and replace’ routines,
create ‘instant’ screen swaps or even animate a small section of
the display (sprites). I’ll leave you with your imagination and
the following routine.
Our routine deviates from the instructions of this
lesson.
It is a renumbering routine for Basic programs and is
given as
a";
ia
ote
a demonstration of what is possible and give you some more tech-
nique. It will renumber any Basic program from ae stated line
(which must exist) to the program end.
Many of the routines can be used in other programs, such as
the input routine. It uses some error checking in order to avoid
any non-numeric input. It also gives the method of converting an
Ascii string of digits to a binary number for use in calcula-
tions. It does however lack a backspace or delete. Can you see
how to add it by reading one additional key press and adjusting
the buffer pointer? Notice how the carry flag is used to
indicate an error. Also, note that space must be left at the end
of the routine for the input buffer. Do you want prompts
anywhere on the screen? Run the Input routine with a PRINT USR
address!
Note that this program is written in rather large modules,
that fall through to the next one. It is extremely hard to debug
& program written in this fashion, unless you are using routines
that are known to be bug-free. Can you see the obvious places
for break-points, in order to test for debug purposes?
Note how we reuse the string data for the Renumber prompt.
But, enough of this. Here’s the routine:
OCI OOOO OK ORO OOO OK ACK KK IKK IK KK 2k
RENUMBER BASIC PROGRAM
SECO OR OOK OOK OKIOKIOK RK IK KOK
;Basic system variables:
Prog Equ 5C53h
LastK Equ 5C@8h
;ROM calls:
KeyScan Equ @2Elih ;TS1@@@ = S@2BBh
LneAddr Equ 16D6h >TS1@@B = S9IDBh
DeCode Equ @7BDh ;TS18@0 only
Org FC@Gh ;TS18@OB = TCBSh
: Test for a Basic Program to renumber for the TS2@68
Start LD HL, (Prog)
BIT 7, (SL)
RET NZ
;no program line number has the
;7th bit set in high byte of line
;number, but start of VARS does
;no program-return to Basic
‘Test for a Basic Program to renurber for the TS180d
Start LD HL,4@7Dh
D
’
;start of Basic program area will
;contain an ENTER (chr$ 118) if no
>;program as will be first character
;of the display file
CP (HL)
RET 2
FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO MAY HAVE MISSED IT!
** > RMG ENTERPRISES <*%
ANNOUNCES
DISK FILE MANAGER!
by: CHIA-CHI CHAO
FOR THE FD68 USER
Have you ever tried to copy JUST ONE FILE with your
AERCO DISK SYSTEM?? If so, then you know that you cannot
do it! At least not without LOADing it into RAM and then
SAVEing it out again! NOW YOU CAN DO IT AUTOMATICALLY!
A few keystrokes and the job is done! Even binary files!
No need to read the headers and type in the names.
r
SOME OF THE FEATURES OF THIS FINE: PACKAGE:
COPY {1 FILE-COPY ALL FILES-CATALOG DISK-CHANGE DRIVES
CHECK DISK TRACKS FOR ERRORS-LIST ALL OCCUPIED TRACKS
GET DETAILED CATALOG OF DISK ©
All of this at a price that all FD68 users can afford:
ONLY $12. 95+t2ph
Available on 5 1/4" disk or cassette.
Order cassette version if you have 3.5" or Quad drives.
Complete with very thorough documentation.
AVAILABLE FROM:
RMG ENTERPRISES
1419 1/2 7TH STREET
OREGON CITY, OR 97045
(FOR CATALOG, SEND $3.00
REFUNDED WITH FIRST ORDER)
a
;This is common code for the 1000 and 2268
;Get data for renumbering
G_From CALL PrRnum
LD HL,FromLn
CALL Print
CALL Input
JR C,G_From
LD HL,OldLine
LD (HL),E
INC HL
LD (HL),D
;Now, get the first new
G_New LD HL,NewLn
CALL Print
CALL Input
JR C,G_New
LD HL,NewLine
LD (HL),E
INC HL
LD (HL),D
;And, finally the step
G_Step CALL PrRnum
LD HL, Incr
CALL Print
CALL Input
JR C,G_B8tep
LD HL,Step
LD (HL),E
INC HL
LD (HL),D
: Search for first line
Search LD HL, (OldLine)
CALL LneAddr
JR Z,ReNumb
LD HL,NotFnd
CALL Print
RET
;Begin renumbering
ReNumb LD DE, (NewLine)
LD (HL),D
INC HL
LD (HL),E
INC HL
PUSH HL
ADD HL, DE
LD (NewLine),HL
POP HL
ADD HL, DE
BIT 7, (HL)
RET NZ
LD A, 76h
CP (HL)
RET Z
JR ReNumb
;Print routines
PrRnum LD HL,Renum
Print LD A, (HL)
CP FFh
RET Z
PUSH HL
RST 18h
POP HL
INC HL
JR Print
; Input routine
LD HL, Buffer
LD (Pointr),HL
Input
;prompt for Renumber from line #
;@0 get line #
;bad input-do it again
;save input in this variable
line number
;prompt for Start with new line #
;@0 get line #
;bad input-do it again
;save input in this variable
for the new line numbers
;prompt for Renumber in steps of
;@O get step in lines
;bad input-do it again
;save input in this variable
to renumber
;set-up HL for Rom routine that
;returns the address of the line
;whose number is held in HL, in the
;HL register pair, or the line that
;follows it, if it does not exist.
;The start of the previous line is
,;returned in DE. The zero flag is
;set if the line number was found.
;found it-ok to continue
;not found-give error msg
;and return to Basic
;g@et the next new line #
;load it into the present
;line # bytes
;advance pointer
;save it
;@et step between line #’s
;and adjust the next line #
;put next line # back in variable
;retrieve pointer
;@et line length into DE
;adjust pointer to start of Basic
;line (after line # and length)
;add line length to pointer to
;adjust for start of next line
;test for valid line # or ;2868 only
;start of Basic variables ;2@868 only
;return to Basic, if done ;20868 only
;test for valid line # or ;18@20 only
;start of D-File ; 1820 only
;return to Basic, if done ;1000 only
;@0 do next line
;special entry to print the word
;Renumber (this saves data space)
;HL=pointer to step thru messages
;cheok for terminating byte and
;exit routine if found
;save pointer
;rom print routine
;retrieve pointer
;and adjust it
;loop to print next character
;storage for input
;reset buffer pointer-effectively
;Cclearing the buffer
This is for the T2068 only
ScanKkKy LD A,FFh
LD (LastK),A
CALL KeyScan
LD A, (LastK)
;Clear last input character
,;use rom routine to get key pressed
;get newly pressed key code
‘This is for the TS1008 only
Scanky CALL KeyScan
INC L
JR NZ,Scanky
NewKey CALL KeyScan
PUSH HL
POP BC
INC L
JR Z,NewKey
CALL DeCode
LD A, (HL)
;use rom routine to get key pressed
;and check for heavy-handed human
;to lift finger
;use rom routine to get key pressed
;which is returned in HL but,
;is needed in BC for DeCodeing
;check and wait for a new key press
;rom routine to decode key press, HL
;will point to proper key in the rom
;key table
;put keycode into A from table
‘This is common code for the 1000 and 2868
CP @Dh
JR Z,EndInp
CP 38h
JR C,Scanky
CP 3Ah
CCF
;accept ENTER (12@@@0=76h)
;and end input if so, else
;check for and accept only (19@0=1Ch)
;the digits @ to 9, else
; (1908=26h)
fs
Ty
DigtOk
EndInp
Asc2Bi
Multia
Error
JR C,Scanky
LD HL, (Pointr)
LD (HL),A
INC HL
LD (Pointr),HL
RST 18h
JR Scanky
LD HL, (Pointr)
LD (HL),A
RST 18h
LD HL, Buffer
LD A, (HL)
CP @Dh
JR Z,Error
SUB "O
PUSH HL
LD DE,@
LD B,@
LD C,A
EX DE,HL
ADD HL,HL
LD D,H
LD E,L
ADD HL,HL
ADD HL,HL
ADD HL, DE
ADD HL,BC
EX DE,HL
POP HL
INC HL
LD A, (HL)
CP @Dh
RET Z
SUB "@
PUSH HL
JR Multid
LD KL, InpErr
CALL Print
SCF
RET
;
;Program Messages
’
Renum
FromLn
NewLn
Incr
NotFnd
InpErr
;continue scanning the keyboard
;input has been accepted-retrieve
;buffer pointer and store digit
;adjust pointer for next digit
;and save it
;echo accepted key press to screen
;continue input
;retrieve the buffer pointer
;store ENTER in buffer
;advance print position to next line
;on the screen
swe now have accepted, verified and
;ended our input but it needs to be
;converted from a string of Ascii
;characters to a single word Binary
;number.
;g@et start of input buffer
;and first character
;check for input of ENTER only(1@0@=76h)
;and goto error routine if found.
;@ood character-make it binary
;save pointer
;set-up for first run through loop
;set-up for later use in BC
;save current digit
;retrieve 'last value’ of converted
;binary number-note: it is @ at first
;and place it into HL
;double it
;store HL*2 in DE
;double again
;and one last time
;adding HL*2 means HL=HL*1¢
;add the current digit
;temporarily store ‘last value’
;retrieve pointer
;adjust it
;@et next digit
;check for terminating ENTER (1@00=76h)
;and exit if found
;good character-make it binary
;save pointer
;loop back to multiply by 10
;load bad input msg and
;Pprint it
;Signal error occurred
;return to main routine
DEFB @Dh ;1@08=76h
DEFM “Renumber "
DEFB FFh
DEFM “from line #:"
DEFB FFh
DEFB @Dh ; 18@00=76h
DEFM “Start with new line #:"
DEFB FFh
DEFM “in steps of:”
DEFB FFh
DEFB @Dh ; 1000=76h
DEFM “Sorry, I cannot locate the line”
DEFM “to renumber from! !”"
DEFB @Dh,FFh ; 1908=76h,FFh
DEFB @Dh ;1@00=76h
DEFM "*«***xInvalid Input--Try Again****"
DEFB @Dh,FFh ;10@0=76h,FFh
;Program Variables
OldLine DEFW @
NewLine DEFW @.
Step DEFW @
Pointr DEFW @
Buffer DEFB @Dh ; 16@8=76h
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DESKTOP PUBLISHING ON THE TS2068
Duncan Teague
Desktop Publishing and "THE WEWSROOM”’
In the spring of 1985 a revolutionary new software program
left an indelible impression on the computer world. It was the
first ever “desktop publishing" program, Springboard Software’s
"The Newsroom."
Its popularity and its notoriety grew as people readily
learned how to create documents more sophisticated than posters,
greeting cards, and ribbon-eating banners and more eye-catching
than word processor text files.
"Newsroom" permitted the combination of words and pictures
in the same document. This is no simple task, since the computer
treats alphanumeric characters and graphics differently.
When you show a picture on, for example, an Apple computer,
you must use the command “text" to clear the screen graphics
mode and restore its ability to print Applesoft BASIC commands
on the screen.
Both words and pictures consist of patterns of dots, either
on the computer’s display screen or on the printed page. The dot
patterns for the letters, punctuation symbols, and miscellaneous
characters on the computer Keyboard are permanently stored in
the computer’s ROM, since they are used over and over again. The
dot patterns for a picture are temporarily stored in a
designated area of RAM which often encompasses an entire screen
full of dots.
An individual Keyboard character will take up only a single
byte. It can be placed in many different areas of memory. This
copy of Tasword stores any one character as a single byte in any
of 192800 addresses.
A T/S 28068 picture, a SCREENS if you will, is stored as a
single block of 6912 bytes in one specific area of memory. This
is Known as the display file, and it starts at address 16384.
Apple computers use a couple of “hi-res pages" to store
pictures. Hi-res pages 1 and 2 are found at addresses 8192 and
16384. Each page utilizes 8192 bytes of memory.
"The Newsroom" reconciles the inherent differences between
words and pictures by treating them both as graphics. That’s the
way "Newsroom" documents are printed, in the printer’s bit image
graphics mode. This allows the letters used in the document’ to
look as pretty as pictures.
"Newsroom" can print five different fonts, styles and sizes
of letters. They include small and large versions of serif and
sans serif letters plus a large English font. What’s special
about "Newsroom" is that you can type these letters on the same
screen with a picture by means of a rudimentary word processor.
The word processor allows insertions, deletions, and word wrap.
"Newsroom" also has some slightly better than rudimentary
graphics tools which help you draw your own pictures to include
with the text. If you’re not an artist, you can use pre-drawn
pictures included with the program, stored on disk, which may or
may not be exactly what you want. These pictures are called
“clip art" since you can “clip" them from one location and merge
them into your work area.
The work area is called a “panel."“ Six or eight panels,
depending on the size paper you’re using, plus one double width
picture, called a “banner,” comprise one document. You = arrange
the panels under the banner in two columns.
Desktop Publishing for Timex/Sinclair
"Newsroom" is the prototype, the yardstick by which desktop
publishing software for Timex/Sinclair and/or Spectrum computers
can be measured. There are more sophisticated programs available
for more expensive computers now, but "Newsroom" can serve as a
guide to the basic features of software for the production of
newsletter format documents.
There are currently two programs available for desktop
publishing on the T/S 2868: Stan LemKe’s "Pixel Print Desktop
Publisher" and Charles Stelding’s "Desktop Page Editor." Each
author uses a different approach to simultaneous manipulation of
text and graphics.
"PIXEL PRINT” Desktop Publisher
"Pixel Print 2.6" is actually the third version I have
received. Each revision has been in response to user comments,
and has made a substantial improvement in the capabilities and
ease of use of the program.
"Pixel Print" synergetically operates with other members of
a family of software. "Pixel Sketch and Graphics Editor" allows
you to create original artwork. “Icon Package" provides you with
a library of 102 pieces of clip art which can be merged into
a
i
hee
Pixel
Sketch SCREEN$’s. “Font Package" provides six new fonts,
in addition to the CHANCERY font which accompanies both Pixel
Sketch and Pixel Print, for producing snappy ‘looking text for
the documents Pixel Print produces.
Font Package:
"Font PacKage" consists of two cassettes: One contains a
Font Designer and a Font Downloader for the Star SG-18@ printer.
The other stores a “library” of seven fonts. The Font Designer
allows the user to create new fonts or modify existing fonts.
Font Designer displays the dot patterns, expanded 64 times,
for each of the characters in the ASCII character set. The dot
patterns can be altered by turning character-sized "pixels" on
SAMPLE ICONS AND FONTS FROM LEMKE'S
"PIXEL PRINT" SOFTWARE SERIES.
Here's “MooerRn—-HEACLINE"”'
* FONT, &
BELOW ARE SOME "MONOGRAM
ICONS.
This font is "Bol
icons below deal
fa, L_especially like the
<“® "Opus" icon. The comic
@x strip Bloom County is
one of mu favorites.
Thi is the *Standard=MiCR” font
h lookS appropriate with the
*home and office” icons.
aa
o
as TRA font 4 "CURSIVS” $ 3
ore This font is SSTENCG 112? ¥
ON > &
oe Thais font is WIDELOAD: + ve
Bo | This font is “THESPIAN™ 2 r
°
ig This font is "WESTERN" © <x
: . Betow is "PERIPHERAL" font.
yar Hrs) .
-") » :
2 | et ell Co} 3 @} C3 Ee
a é & 4. ¢ PS
eel
or off. The resulting pattern can be redesigned, if you’re
happy with your changes; Kept and stored in its new form;
restored to its original form, if you decide not to change it.
Existing fonts can be sweeping!y modified by having bold,
modern, and italics versions of themselves created with a few
Keystrokes. As with Pixel Sketch, the effect of these modifiers
is cumulative. You can create a bold-modern version of a font, a
modern-italics version, or any combination including all three
at once. The calculation of the total number of possible fonts
that can be created from a single font with modifiers used alone
or in combinations is left to the reader as an exercise.
The new font resulting from your design efforts can be
placed into a library of up to 28 fonts (so multiply your answer
not
or
above by 2@). Font Designer Keeps track of the numbder of fonts,
their names, and their positions within the library. It saves
and loads them sequentially. Many different libraries can be
maintained up to the limit of your tape (or disk) budget.
The Font Downloader will revise the font your printer
by sending new dot patterns for the characters to the printer’s
RAM, if your printer has this capability. You could, ostensibly,
use any of the fonts in your library with Tasword. The font
uses
would take up no program memory. It would be in the printer’s
RAM.
Stan thoughtfully wrote this utility in BASIC so others,
smarter than myself, could write their own versions of Font
Downloader for their own printers.
I spent about an hour and a half each designing seven new
fonts for my own use. It’s a tedious but rewarding process, made
simple by Font Designer. Warning: I saw an eight by eight grid
containing little white squares in my dreams for a week.
Icon Package:
“Icon Package" consists of a library manager, designer, and
converter packaged as three separate programs on one cassette. A
second cassette stores 162 different icons which can be _ loaded
into the library.
The Library Manager will hold up to 115 icons, so you have
the opportunity of storing a few of your own creations without
having to start another library. Each icon is 58 pixels high by
32 pixels wide in the Zebra (Greeting Card Designer) format.
The Library Manager contains a utility to resize each
(four
SCREENS
the option
image.
icon
to nine
format.
is given to
to two or three times its
times its original area) and its conversion to
Before the icon is saved in its new form,
place a one pixel wide frame around the
original dimensions
y dike eaee bed t: A ober
i
Wh
sh regen
NOW AVAILABLE FOR THE TS2068!
- Tool of AI researchers
-—- Ultra-fast machine code
- Guaranteed to amaze!
Invented by Cambridge mathematician John
Horton Conway in 1970, the Game of Life is the
world’s most fagous CELLULAR AUTOMATON. It is a
simple grid of "cells", interacting by a few very
sieple rules, that nevertheless manages to
generate patterns cf amazing complexity.
Finally avialable for the TS208, this
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in ultra-fast machine code, with two versions
included: 24 x 32, & 4B x 64.
Suprise ee program included!
ONLY
sy.
McBrine Gomputer Products
514 S. Jackson St.
Salisbury, NC 28144
>
fe
(704) 633-7817 2-5 pm M-Th
SAMPLE NEWSLETTER PREPARED WITH LEMKE'S
"PIXEL PRINT" DESKTOP PUBLISHER AND AN
80 COLUMN PRINTER.
ees#eeeeee
Plumber ‘without his
an artist without
ublished i4 tines a ry year (Fall/ pte alla (Pas without
BL adeg ring/ & vars: Ho worker can
ogi s Peres ce to owners jo pecsamg goes for.
se G14 ty Prograns an ts relate lishing. Even wehough :
year subs yintion, send] is in its’ ancy the
+k valtneee -size ASE ree have bebe around
m e
Leuke Software Deve opment The ee asic. ls .for. 2D
wublighin fo =" @ divided
wichiean bs Sokee here q Fond software.
standar hardware
4 computer, along with
by Bill Ferrebee nits such as printers
rives, etc. This ares
LJ eleone to the Premiere issue discuss in a future issue.
of The Pixel Print P . We Th tine we will look at
hope t¢ develop. this mto «# needed software,
quarterly newsletter. -It probably te one
The Press is s combined effort suprise that most CWare
of Lenke Softuare Development «% in Desktop Publishing
Mountaineer Softuare. But we do text and/or graphics.
not plan to use The Press simply For ah eae te Caxt,
as a vehicle to promote our pro- Processor reed te
ducts. Rather, we want the pur- Mith PIXE “prin vile
pose of this Project to be two- TASWORD Th pt ae ee MASCR IPT:
fold: here re €asons
oe this. irst. TASHORD. aeilizes.
3. So fur ther the idease of c/S eT 1G fe oe nee
computers in Des op Fu Shin 4 Orn &
2. To further the ideass of cys. ASWoED > IZEL. PRINT
computers in generas program is available.
This wteilsrty enables
This proved to be quite useful. I saved each icon
original size as a separate SCREENS. Then I combined
icon SCREEN$’s with Pixel SKetch’s “merge screen"
group the icons into related sets on a single SCREENS.
I now have seven SCREENS’s which can be used
"Newsroom’ s”
with the
create.
instead of the double si
clip art.
"merge screen"
capability of resizing graphics with
The Icon Designer,
cassette, will, as its name suggests,
and save it
icon can then be loaded
LARKEN ELECTRONICS
Ld. 2 3s
LARKEN 2068 / S
- The system consists of
ae: rear disk interf
~ Fully 2068 / Spectrum co
- It uses all standard (To
CAT MERGE ERASE FORMAT L
- Uses NO RAM space . HAS
~ NMI Memor ae Feature
- A KEMPSTON compatible Jo
- Also, 10 Extended Basic
and ‘ to 3 scrolling Wi
compatible printer drive
- The disk interface is a
can support 1 to 4; 3” 3.
90° day g
44% ATTENTION ¥¥%% AER
- Easy to setup .
Each
(I decided to use
the smallest size for
its
the second program on the_ Icon
into the library.
LAW LEAR AC Es
ectrum DISK SYSTEM
he LKDOS cartridge and a Double
ace. 800K on a Quad Drive
mpatible / 0S-64 compatible
ken) keyboard cassette commands
OAD SAVE PRINT and more
8K ROM and 8K RAM on board
: PUSH-BUTTON ad og transfer
abe port is also on the IF.
ommands for Graphics, Utilities
ndows on the screen . An Aerco
r is also in the Lkdos Cartridge
compact rear mounted board that
5" or 5.25” SS,DS or Quad Drives
uarantee
CO FD68 and RAMEX DISK USERS
The LKDOS cartridge is now available for your disk IF’s .
Tt will allow as disk sys
OS-64 compatible and Larken
commands mentioned above .
tems to be fully Spectrum and
disk compatible and have all the
Also a SNAP-SHOT save button can
added . RAMEX users will now be able to use all the memory .
AERCO users can now have a
the Lkdos uses the Aerco Ra
PRICES : (US) 2068/Spectr
1] of the above features plus
mas a RAN-DISK !
um Disk System $119.95
w rk,
“wrenches.
his brushes.
includes
—
We irreo gmt -e-0 ©
H—“-enon etait AM--
Te fa
©
. Ris &
conversion
function
just
icon can be selected for use,
function, for any new picture I want
each
ze or triple size. Pixel Sketch has
"zoom" function.>
let you design a new
in Library Manager (Zebra Graphics) format. The
* LARKEN ELECTRONICS RR#2
Add $5 S&H LKDOS Cartridge (Aerco,Ramex)
ZX-81 Disk Controller
256K Non-Volatile Ram Disk (TBA)
Drive Floppy cable #8.00
AVAN ONTARIO CANADA K4B- ss *
$65.00
$99.00
The design screen has a vertical rectangle subdivided into
1856 cells (58 high by 32 wide). A cursor moves, under joystick
control, to any cell, changing It from paper color to Ink’ color
if that cell (pixel) is to be “set" in the final design. Cells
can be erased, thus re-setting that pixel in the final design.
This process is more tedious than designing a font -—- about
2? times more tedious. If I reason the price charged for the
Icon PacKage to be just under a paltry 280 cents each for the 162
icons, then the library, designer, and conversion programs are
essentially free! Buying future Font Packages is cost effective.
The final program is a Colossus Conversion Utility for
putting the icon into the format required by LemKe’s "Colossus
Graphic Banner" program. This does not relate to the concept of
desktop publishing, but it does show LemKe’s committment to the
support of his entire line of software.
Pixel Print Desktop Publisher:
The "meat" of this whole package is Pixel Print. ‘Actually
it is a steak.) Pixel Print allows the loading of SCREEN format
graphics and the insertion of text above, below, or onto the
picture itself with pixel level resolution. You’re not limited
to the standard T/S 2868 character positions.
A judicious choice of Keys permits the user to scroll a
"window" on a page high column toward the bottom - B, b, or TO -
or toward the top - T, t, or THEN - respectively 8 rows, 1 row,
or 1 pixel row at a time.
Other Keys allow the repositioning of the graphics and/or
text. The AND, OR, NOT, and STEP commands move selected portions
of a column respectively one pixel to the left, right, up, or
down. The selected column segment that is moved depends upon the
position and size of a black, rectangular “text cursor."
Still other tokens allow pixel level adjustment of the text
cursor’s position. The <=, >=, THEN, and TO Keys move. the
cursor one pixel up, down, left, and right respectively.
The latest version of Pixel Print provides "block" commands
to copy or erase screen segments and to insert or delete pixel
rows. The block functions are available from a separate menu.
What blocks or segments of the column are copied or erased and
the position at which pixel rows are inserted or deleted is
determined by the text cursor’s position and size.
The text cursor’s size is adjusted by selecting W for
“wide" or H for "high" from the main menu, a two line prompt
area below the work screen. It can be as small as 1 by 1
"normal" character size or as large as 32 by 22! The shifted 5-8
Keys move the cursor one character of the selected size.
Text can be placed on the screen in any font you choose.
The current font can be modified to its bold, modern, or italics
version as previously described, or a new font can be loaded and
modified. You can return at will to the standard character set.
It’s necessary to exit the menu mode when you want to. add
text to your document. Underline can be toggled on and off by
pressing the underline character. The typing is somewhat slow,
especially when you’ve chosen larger than normal size letters.
Pixel Print formats the graphics and text into a single
column 1 screen wide by 4-1/3 screens high. Two columns” almost
completely fill an 8-1/2 by 11 inch sheet. You can POKE two
addresses to set print positions for left and right columns” and
thus set the margins and the space between columns.
You can print out a single column double its normal. width
and length. One double size column fills two consecutive sheets.
Thus filling the top half of a column with text and/or graphics
and printing double size makes a “poster” or "sign." One more
POKE lets you adjust the double size print position.
SAMPLE NEWSLETTER PREPARED WITH STELDING'S
"DESKTOP PUBLISHER" PROGRAM AND 2040 PRINTER.
Announcing A New Software:
TIHEX 2668 DESKTOP PAGE EDITOR
Vol. i, No. i February 1987
Nev Program Features Easy “Paste-Up" Arrangesent For Bulletins
Reports, Announcements, Posters, Presentations and Handouts
“Desktop Page Editor” is text is automaticatty arranged
now available for the Timex S00 that words without room at
SINCLAIR 28668. the right end of the line are
Desktop printing is a Placed in their entirety on
method of putting text, the next line. ALL you do to
headlines and artwork anywhere enter your text iS %GO Simply
on a page for newsletters, type the paragraphs in REN
announcements, posters and Statements. .
reports. Other features include a
The program allows you to line editing function which
“paste up” a page as you want atloms you to correct minor
it With complete control. Mistakes and proper spacing
Even SCREENS which you create Within a line. This feature
Can be placed anywhere on the also allows you to put a :
Page! design around the text as this
The normal text font is in Paragraph ittustrates.
a bold format for easier The SCREENS function lets
reading and darker copying on you create a design,
the 28648 printer and other itlustration, art work, etc.
Printers, but you can use on a separate program (not
other text fonts by loading included), save it as a
them in memory. Severat font SCREENS and then load it into
sey ces come with the ame
(Old English, Italic, t P line ‘SCREENS or onty
modern, of you may create and Part of it such as the first
use your own. lines of the SCREENS.
This mode can also create a “banner" or headline for your
document. The uppermost portion of a single column can be used
to create the double size banner. Two slightly shorter columns
can be used to create the main body of the newsletter.
It’s possible to perform periodic "Keeps" of your work area
by pressing "K." The current work screen is stored in memory. It
can be brought back to the work area by the "U"ndo command. The
"Keep" function is automatically performed when loading of new
graphics or new fonts takes place.
The main body of the program has been compiled, but the 1/0
functions of saving and loading are left in BASIC. This allows
easy conversion for mass storage devices. The choice of ink and
paper colors is left to the user. Editing one line is necessary.
Thorough instructions are provided for the customization of
the built-in print driver for the characteristics of particular
printers. Follow the directions. It will work the first time.
Those new to the concept of desktop publishing will find
the sample column included in the package most helpful. You can
manipulate the sample to familiarize yourself with Pixel Print
techniques before attempting your desktop publishing adventure.
Purchasers and other interested parties are asked to send 4
SASE’s so they can receive a quarterly “Pixel Print Press." The
publication will contain user submissions and hints and tips on
optimum use of the Pixel Print family of software.
’*DESKTOP PAGE EDITOR”
An entirely different approach has been taken with "Desktop
Page Editor.” Both columns of a 2-column document can be handled
in memory at once. The columns can be viewed in their entirety
by consecutive scrolling 28 rows at a time. You can examine both
columns simultaneously, displaying the left half of each. Neat!
Sacrifices, however, must be made. It’s necessary to type
headlines and load graphics into a “source file" before typing
text. Also, text must be entered in standard character positions
and can’t be used to "label" SCREEN$’s in the source file.
"Headline" letters can be 2-S rows high and i-2 columns
wide. The font you use can be chosen from among three in a_ Font
Maker utility. Fonts are loaded in command mode, not from menu.
Headline letters are displayed in outline format. You can
either "fill" the letters or create a “shadow" effect. Filled
and shadowed fonts other than standard can be hard to read.
A SCREENS can be loaded, but you don’t have to use al! of
it. When the picture is displayed, you press the ENTER Key to
scroll the graphic a row at a time. The portion disappearing off
the top of the screen is what is placed into the source file.
A “text editor" is used for text entry. Alternately you can
enter text in REM statements and store it in the source file.
"Format" handles this function and provides word wrap.
A total of 168 lines can be placed into the source file.
This includes 22 lines for each full SCREENS. The program tracks
the number of lines used and the number remaining.
To arrange the page layout as you would like it to appear,
you view the source file and decide which numbered lines you
want to move into your document. You choose where to place the
selected portion of the source file, in column 1 or 2. Then’ the
unshifted arrow Keys move a UDG arrow to the correct line of
your displayed document.- The "D" Key does the actual placement.
Printing of the document is handled by user supplied print
driver. The driver must COPY 22 lines of the screen without any
extra linefeeds. You must edit one program line to replace the
COPY command with the necessary RAND USR call.
The printout has markers designating the tops and bottoms
of the two columns. You must cut the two columns apart and paste
them together to form a single document.
I tried several versions of my Aerco print driver. None of
them worked satisfactorily. All versions copied 24 lines, not
the 22 required by Desktop Page Editor. This means only that my
print driver is incompatible. It indicates no program defect.
,
Summary
Desktop Page Editor is available from Charles Stelding,
1415 South Baxter, Tyler, Texas 75701. It costs $19.95 postpaid.
Pixel Sketch, Pixel Print, Font Package, and Icon Package can be
obtained from Stan Lemke, 2144 White Oak, Wichita, Kansas 67207.
Each is $19.95, but you only need Pixel Print if you have a good
graphics program. Pixel Print is more ambitious, more versatile,
and better supported by auxilliary products. It’s a better deal.
SARS EL, RSET ERR LN LET IPL ERT TE ETE TN RITE ITM BLS RET TELE A SSRIS GE ER
NEWS FLASH!! After this Desktop report was written
a new utility was added to the PIXEL PRINT line by
Lemke Software Development. The new "TASWORD to
PIXEL PRINT Conversion” program allows the user to
create a text file with the flexibility of Tasword
and then convert the file to Pixel Print format...
then any combination of fonts/icons are possible,
as well as other graphics. Price for the Tasword
program is $19.95 ppd.
ww
-
Bune one
10 COMMANDMENTS OF
GOOD DESKTOP PUBLISHING
Bill Ferrebee
By now, a number of you may be exploring the ex-
citing world of Desktop Publishing. It's nice to know
that you can use your TS2068 (and QL) to print your own
newsletter for your user group or school, and have it
look almost typeset.
Of course, as soon as I discovered "the power", I
read every book and article on the subject I could get
my hands on. I read everything from books dedicated to
the subject, to the manuals for Desktop Publishing soft-
ware for other computers.
Recently, I read an article I found very useful. It
was entitled "Invasion of the Laser Crud" (PERSONAL
COMPUTING, May 1987, pp 57-60). In it, Paul Saffo gave
ten rules that will help to design a better document.
Hence, the "10 Commandments of Good Desktop Pub-
lishing":
1. Be clear about your intentions.
2. Keep it simple.
3. Look for good models.
4. Keep font variety to a minimum.
5. Be sensitive to white space.
6. Produce several versions of the same design.
7. Get a second opinion.
8. Create a visual hierarchy.
9. Keep lines short.
10. Don't follow the rules. blindly..
Now a brief explanation of each rule:
1. BE CLEAR ABOUT YOUR INTENTIONS. The best way to
design a document is AWAY from the computer. Sketch your
design with paper and pencil, then work it into the
computer. This way, you will make the computer work for
you, and not vice versa. Put yourself in the reader's
place. what would look interesting to you?
2. KEEP IT SIMPLE. When I first started taking
computer classes in college, one of my professors summed
up the "Ultimate Programming Logic" quite nicely. "Use
the KISS method," he said. KISS stands for Keep It
Simple, Stupid! There's no need to make a layout look
complex. This generally causes the reader to lose con-
centration and interest. Simplify, simplify, simplify...
I can not stress this enough.
3. LOOK FOR GOOD MODELS. As the adage goes, "Imi-
tation is the sincerest form of flattery". Keep your
eyes open for layouts that interest you. Good places to
look include other computer magazines, newspapers, even
magazines like GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. I have started a_ file
of sample pages from various publications. Anytime I
want to try something different, I.take out the file.
4. KEEP FONT VARIETY TO A MINIMUM. I know. Having
the ability to use an endless variety of text fonts is
like letting a kid loose in a candy store. There are so
many choices. But as I stated in rule 2, simple is best.
Stick to one or two fonts for the main text. Use bold or
italic variants for emphasis. Finally, if you really
want to "go wild", use other fonts for headlines or
graphic captions. This way, you can keep your reader's
interest, and remove the "static" from the look of your
document.
5. BE SENSITIVE TO WHITE SPACE. In _ publishing,
blank space on a page is as important as the text and
graphic content. It helps to separate sections, and draw
the reader's eyes to highlighted portions of the page.
Use white space as a "walkway" around the page. Leave
enough so that you can move around without bumping into
things.
6. PRODUCE SEVERAL VERSIONS OF THE SAME DESIGN.
Publishing on a computer allows you the freedom to make
changes to your ideas quickly and easily. Before you
settle on one particular layout, print séveral different
ones. Then put them away, and’ go do something else.
Later, go back and look them over again. I've found that
after placing my concentration on another activity for
awhile, I can be more subjective on what I have created.
7. GET A SECOND OPINION. And maybe even a third.
Give your product to someone else to critique. Earlier,
I said to put yourself in the reader's place. Now, let
the reader make the judgement. Remember, any criticism a
person may give you is to help you IMPROVE the product.
So take any critism graciously.
8. CREATE A VISUAL HIERARCHY. Basically, this means
to place your text and graphics to-read left to right,
and from top to bottom. Place as few breaks in an
article as possible. Breaking an article over a number
of pages causes a reader to lose interest. This is
commonly known as the "flow" of a document.
9. KEEP LINES SHORT. Again, if your lines of text
stretch too long, you will lose the reader's interest.
Generally text should be no longer than 10 to 12 words
per line.
10. DON'T FOLLOW THE RULES BLINDLY. Consider the 10
rules (commandments) more as guidelines. Don't be afraid
to experiment. If you like what you see, USE IT!
I hope this information is helpful to you. If you
have any comments or suggestions, drop me a line.
DON’T
MISS OUT!
OoooonDoDoDoOoOoOO0o0o
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TINE DESIGNS Tests .. COOLED LOUD DOOLLLOLLY,
Shoot-out at the OL Desktop Corral!
a ee ee
The popularity of so-called "desktop
publishing” programs has zoomed upwards in
recent months--every TV ad for major brand
computers emphasizes . their desktop
publishing capability. It is the new
computer craze!
And the QL world has’ not been spared.
Within the past Few months we have seen Gap
Software’s FRONT PAGE, Digital Precision’s
DESKTOP PUBLISHER, Gap’s FRONT PAGE EXTRA,
the QUANTA library’s PAGE DESIGNER, and now
DP’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER (CSpecial Edition),
all outgrowths of graphic-arts programs with
more elaborate methods of handling text in
version 1) ($0 fairly comprehensive,
qraphicseariented exanple of the cerreat
softvare erazeeea Lextegraphics editor,
Soneubok Ore CONPrEhENSive progrons FOr
nojor conpuber brongs sell for pron six
to nine tines 05 much ond are now the
featured software in prine-tine T)
connercidls, A version 2 and ¢ Special
Edition of DESKTOP PUBLISHER (for G40E
Gs) ore nov ovailoble--the latter,
¥s ffventf flee ob] [treat] fls-at) feat fteeany ffeeag] [teen] [tesa] [tea] fey] [teat] fe] [ts] teat] [te] fie fea}
conjunction with Graphics, particularly Se oriced aL about, $160), is said to rival 25
oversized or Fine print and text in columns. a = =&
In this issue of TDM and the next we’ll coed Che mriginwl Apple fur PUBLISHER propran EE
compare the latest of these desktop programs a ee in
to better enable you to make the _ proper mt 3 which started Che craze (at about $500), i.
choice in purchasing one or another, if you co ! . +, : =m
want to get on the bandwagon. A= IP's OP ond Ot Special Edition ore, i
First a little philosophy. You es «th DP tradition, os complex as they re ero
probably don’t need such a program. They nS =i
are costly and time-consuming to learn and ie Comprehensive, but are vell yorth the =H
operate and oh-so-slow in printing unless
you can afford some very expensive printer
or plotter. For many decades, complex
reports such as academic and scientific dis- cer
sertations have been Ha pe - acMey. ey (1S, el really need such tapabilities,
typewriter typeface--models of clarity an = i geek afte :
exposition; many books have been published n= Created win higti Precisiwa’s hestly Pailisher
to tell us how to do this and most major
publications have their "stylebooks.” So,
if you keep it in mind that desktop
publishing is probably a passing fancy and
very much oversold, it may give you a better Gap Softvere's FRONT PAGE ERTRA is o text-oriented text ond
ae ee ee eee ee Se ee % oraphic-arts conposition progran selling for about $50 in
software.
Second is the matter of good taste. this country, FRONT PASE EXTRA, hereafter FFE, is very
aser-friendly and stratehtPoreard to lear and ase, end
effort and expense for those dedicated
and capable enough to ase thene=if, that
teat] (0e-a0} [Ae-01} [tea (teat [e-ad] fb-
Desktop publishing carried too far often
results in documents) with eo .. *kitoty,;*
Signe or emeprpesrance.wiitobway. pe Rena. or BD uakes direct use at CL OVILL dacavent (doc) files vbich the
strac 8 readcer Fy Viewer, ernaps), * Pr : iPPe =
teloest tne Rech. tha inteddwdsetlaee! oe salt q original version of DESKTOP PUBLISHER, a aore graphics
ilabl logi d iveti ts. 7
Cl aw temindek en nie Coe ee ho q oriented and auch wore expensive (about S100) prograa, did
o a r an oO cer-~-no, wasn 2s ’ =
told 8 Spars Je ae eS n't ~ ps ure ~~ of sober i
bs a Uks--vhich are prinitive by couparison vith those intrinsic &
eG. ded dati di th és ae ‘ << cs
CURMaTs S “inskee pasa Tea ee = to Digitnl Precision’s UESETOP PUBLISHER, hereufier iF, tut
Sab eg shoes, and shave off his eS both prograns reudily inport graphic-arts files prepared on
Third is the matter of efficiency. Ue eg (Aer pregrags. DP ta a far gine otdprelensiee dtaktty
have mexG cree Balog: Seaitep BUnLASiLOg : publishing progral thay PPE whieh \andles text better: the
rograms Ss hi ° : ' p ,
ee test of Uneehee ar nok eae al use : question \by \tu cOaprehenaiee (and \gu dap ley) a desktp
such a program for a particular product is
to reflect on whether the increased overhead
will improve the cashflow Cor your personal
reputation) commensurately. AS a management
analyst, I can assure you that most of the
reports prepared using such software is
publishing progrea do you uentemead vent &o pay tor? Ay
pecoacndacion, unless you are a dedicated grapbicarts =
Gditor oF some ability, would be to ope for FRONT PAGE EXTREE
Be USC giving due adairacion Co ay betters end tbe geninses &
makework! Placing text in columns seems to oh developed DESCTOP PUBLISHER, The Occhan's Razer averd,
ae pe oe ee ee hovever, should go to those practical types at Cap Softuare
produce text in narrow columns which may 3 the, \h FROKT PACE ERTEA, did something abort as siaply and
then be cut and pasted together and then — 05 Elegunt ly us it could be done, CO, Gap!
copied quite easily. And any ergonomist :
will tell you that longer lines of text--up
to 100 columns, perhaps--are easier and ss
quicker to read than text in narrow columns. os
DESKTOP PUBLISHER * # # # #
Let’s rirst consider Digital
Precision’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER, version 1.0
Cversion @.0 and a Special Edition which
requires a 6YOK QL were not available for
testing and will be discussed in the next
Time Designs). Version 1 requires a QL with
at least eCS6K of additional RAN and is just
too comprehensive to describe in detail in
an article of this length--1e integral
graphics Fonts Csets of characters), 8&8
integral text fonts, 10 non-integral fonts,
rotation, mirror-imaging, and shadowing of
Characters, etc., etc. One could go on and
on. DPDP is partly menu-driven and capable
of importing specially prepared QL QUILL
document files. But with comprehensiveness
goes complexity Cand a higher price, $100),
and DPDP may not be for everyone.
FRONT PAGE EXTRA #* # # # #
Gap Software’s FRONT PAGE was the first
so-called desktop publisher for the 128K QL.
FRONT PAGE EXTRA is more comprehensive '= and
requires a QL with eS6K additional RAN. cOn
a 64OK or 896K QL, this leaves lots of room
For multitasking complementary programs such
as QL QUILL,other Psion programs, and other
text and graphic-arts programs. More text-
oriented than DPDP, FPX is very easy to
ff? Ss a CIPS SF IG Of
learn and use and makes direct use of QL
QUILL document Files which it can "micro-
justify” Cby spacing between letters) into
two, three, or four columns on a page. FPX
is fully menu-driven with improved cut-and-
paste, text font, user-defined graphics and
File-handling routines. I have not yet been
able to multitask FPX using TASKMASTER, but
there is probably a way; I understand that
FPX does multitask well using SWOPPER Cabout
$35). FRONT PAGE is available at about $30
and FRONT PAGE EXTRA at about $50.
I might add hers that many desktop
publishing ideas and formats are included in
my new book Jaking the Quantum Leap,
available From Jime Designs.
NEXT TINE: Digital Precision’s DESKTOP
PUBLISHER Special Edition and the bargain-
basement PAGE DESIGNER from the QUANTA
library.
OOO COOClCCCUvUCooCooeoooeOo
Both Digital Precision’s DESKTOP PUBLISHER and
SPECIAL EDITION were obtained for this review
from SHARP’s, INC., Rt 10 Box 459, Mechanics—
ville, VA, 23111, phone (804) 746-1664.
Watch for further reports on D.P.’s newest
Desktop Publisher "Special Edition” Ve.0.
Yd bide — fee SS ae SE
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superBASIC EDITOR FOR THE QL
Joe
"The editor isn't very good" is a common complaint
about the QL's SuperBASIC, The statement usually refers
to the fact that there is no full screen editing of
programs available on a standard Sinclair QL. I per-
sonally don't think the QL's line editor is that bad,
but I will admit that many times I find myself trying to
use "Shift 1" to edit a line. (Shift 1 is the edit
command on the Timex 2068, but unfortunately not on the
QL...all shift 1 does is print a copyright symbol!)
The problem is that many QL'ers (as QL Users are
often referred to) don't realize that a very powerful,
versatile, and full-function editor comes with the QL,
absolutely FREE! Furthermore, it can even be used to re-
arrange a program totally a provide a print out as well.
In case you haven't already guessed, I am referring to
QUILL--better know in the U.S. as "QL Word Processor".
By uSing two simple "tricks", programs can be
loaded into Quill for editing, or they may be created
from scratch while in Quill, then loaded back into
SuperBASIC. I have often heard people say this can't be
done. But it can be, as I have done it, and will now
explain how.
This first step must be done for either of the
following: You must set up the proper print driver for
Quill. To do this, put your mdv/disk with INSTALL BAS
(or FLP, etc.). Choose to edit typestyle OTHER, then set
LINE FEED to LF and CONTINUOUS FORMS to YES. For further
information on installing, see the QL.User's Guide. Once
this procedure is done, you can change the name "OTHER"
to "PROGRAM", and hit F5 to install this driver. The
best thing to do is set up a separate mdv cart or disk
with Quill and this printer driver, sa you don't have to
keep switching drivers.
Now you can either edit a program or create a new
one. First to edit an existing program: Add the proper
_LIS extension to your program's name. This MUST be done
or you will not be able to load it into Quill. If you
don't have a simple way of renaming a file on disk/cart.
just load the file into the QL, DELETE it off disk or
mdv, then SAVE it with the same file name, just with the
extension added. For example, suppose you wish to edit a
file called "Sprial". Simply LOAD MDV1 Spiral (or what-
ever storage device is used), DELETE MDV1 _Spiral, then
SAVE MDV1_ Spiral LIS and the procedure is complete.
Newman
Now execute Quill. Make sure the media containing
your renamed file is in drive #2. hit F3, 0, F, and then
I. This chooses the FILE command and IMPORT's a file.
Next, just type the name of your file (with or without
the LIS extension) and hit ENTER. You will then be
asked if you wish to import by line or paragraph. Choose
"L" for line. Quill will now load in your program, all
ready for editing. Don't use any alternative typestyles
or control codes for printing, as they will ruin the
program. Be aware that some program lines that are no
longer 80 columns will be scrolled off the right side of
the screen. Just use the right arrow to move.the cursor
to these lines.
After you have edited your program, follow the step
below that says "CONTINUE HERE FOR BOTH."
To create a program in Quill is even easier. Just
execute Quill (with the proper printer driver installed,
see above). Then start typing and editing your program
lines as you wish. Don't forget that if you move program
lines around, you should change the line numbers to read
sequentially in proper order. Now just follow the step
below.
CONTINUE HERE FOR BOTH: Once a program is edited to
your satisfaction, and you wish to load it back into
SuperBASIC, do the following: Hit F3, the P (for PRINT).
Hit ENTER (twice only). This will bring you to the
prompt which says "to printer". You want to print this
file to "storage", NOT the "printer"...so type in a file
name here. As you start typing, the-words. “to printer"
disappear and are replaced by your new file name. Then
hit ENTER and the file is "printed" to storage.
Leave Quill (you may wish to save the file normally
first). It is ok to use the same name as the one you
specified in the print command, as they are saved with
‘different extensions. Reset your QL and get back to
SuperBASIC. To load your newly edited program, just type
LOAD, the drive name, the file name, and add the LIS
extension. (i.e., LOAD MDV1 Spiral LIS. The LIS ex-
tension was added when you "printed" the file to the
storage device. The program should load just like a
normal program...all ready to go.
Have fun experimenting with this. If you have any
trouble, questions or comments, please feel free to drop
me a line at: Variety Sales, 325 W. Jersey St., #2D,
Elizabeth, NJ 07202.
QL EASEL/BUSINESS GRAPHICS "TIPS"
Hike de Sosa
In 1958S when the QL first hit the
market, the QL EASEL cCBUSINESS GRAPHICS)
program alone would have been reason enough
For business offices to purchase a QL--so
advanced was the program. CEven "Big Blus”
IBM purchased a few OLs, possibly because of
QL EASEL.) While still an excellent
program, QL EASEL has been overtaken in the
intervening years by business graphics
programs with 3-dimensional bar_ graphs,
built-in outline maps of countries’ and
states, etc. But QL EASEL has no real rival
For the QL.
TROUBLESOME COMMANDS & FUNCTIONS
QL Easel has a good HELP facility--one
of the best tutorials for learning the ins
and outs of the program. Key Fil and then Fi
again to see how HELP works, then key ENTER
to get into the regular HELP ‘sequence and
proceed as directed. From within the
program at any point, key Fl after you have
selected a command or option for relevant
HELP assistance. There is a Curious
omission in the QL EASEL HELP facility,
however, that is, explanation of the eleven
QL Easel Functions: ABS(n), ATN(n), COS(n),
EXPin)d, INT(n)d, Lind, PIC), SENC(n), SINC nN),
S@R(n), and TAN(). COL EASEL functions are
use in formulas which may be used to
determine the value of a bar, line entry, or
segment and are commonly used to create
whole new sets of figures at one swoop.)
Function use is pretty straightforward, but
For details you must consult your QL User
Guide or another source. Function names must
be immediately followed by parentheses
34
NE SR pe ween en en ee
QLOLQLQLQLQLQLQLQLQLQLQLQLQL~
NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW!
**#> RMG ENTERPRISES <x
ANNOUNCES
EXECUTIVE SOUND EXPLORER !
from: EXECUTIVE WORKSHOP
Have you ever wondered just WHAT the QL sound system
can do? Well, WE DID! This little program written in
SUPERBASIC, will allow you to find out exactly HOW you can
make use of the BEEP command in your QL programming.
A few keystrokes and you can create, change and play the
sound that you are trying for!
SOME OF THE FEATURES OF THIS PROGRAM:
CHANGE: DURATION-FUZZY-PITCHi-PITCH2-GRAD_X-GRAD_Y
WRAP AND RANDOM. ALSO INCLUDES SEVERAL BUILT IN SAMPLE
SOUNDS THAT HAY BE USED AS STARTING POINTS!
Another quality QL S/W item from AHERICAN PRODUCERS:
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(FOR CATALOG, SEND $3.00
REFUNDED WITH FIRST ORDER)
QLOLQLOQOLOQOLQLQLOQOLQLOQOLQLQLQLQLQL
enclosing a single
expression which the
PIC) is an exception:
always empty.
Change is a powerful, omnibus command
which permits you to modify how a graph will
number or
Function
its
numerical
transforms;
parentheses are
look in every respect: its format, bars,
lines, axes, colors, background, labels,
etc. Often overlooked is that any bar
Format may be converted to aéiée line-graph
Format using Change and the Line option;
each set of data represented by a bar will
have to be converted (select @lddata before
selecting Change) separately. Graphs
incorporating both bars and lines Cand don’t
Forget the use of "filled lines” as a
backdrop) are often quite effective. The
Axis option of the Change command permits
you to, among other things, change axis
limits Cafter selecting the Axis option, key
ENTER, select the ”?” option, and select
Change axis tJlimits): axis limits can be
selected to be automatic, manual, or
automatic with zero always shown. CSome data
analysts insist that the zero value must be
shown ona graph to put variations in trues
perspective; it is true that data Fluctua-
tions may be misrepresented by omitting zero
values on the vertical axis of a graph.)
Default is used only to select ths
column-width of the printed or viewed graph.
Edit, like Change, is a powerful
omnibus command frequently used in con-
junction with the Text option of the Change
command to put the Finishing touches on your
graphs.
a.
San?
5
another omnibus
the File management
Files,
you into
command, puts
mode in which
you can format Microdrive cartridges, disks,
or RAMdisks and backup, delete, import, or
export QL EASEL files.
Highlight is used to emphasize a
particular value ina barchart or piechart
Or all negative values.
Be sure yOu understand all of the
Functions of the Newdata and Olddatea
commands.
Priné prints the displayed graph; three
options are offered: Print the graph; Screen
dump th screen to a named backup file; and
Install to install a new printer driver.
QL EASEL FORMULAS
It should be kept in mind that OL EASEL
is designed to work hand-in-glove with QL
ABACUS: imported data in the proper format
is converted directly into graphic form. No
numeric values are calculated and displaysd
as such in QL EASEL. For example, the QL
ABACUS spreadsheet
; A B C D
: a cashflow Jan87 Feb87 MarB7
e } costs 500 700 B00
3! sales 1000 1100 1200
a ae profits 500 400 %00
if exported and then imported into QL EASEL,
would be seen as three sets of figures named
costs, sales, and profits with cells labeled
Jan87, Feb87, and Mar87, respectively. There
are rather strict rules For the fiie
structure of export Files. See the Inforra-
tion section at the rear of your QL User
Guide for further
Formulas may
set of figures or
Quidance.
be used to change an old
to create a new set:
figures = figures x 2
or, newfig = figures / 2
QL EASEL interprets input data preceded by
a quotation mark as text, input data
beginning with a number as a number, = and
input data beginning with the name of a set
of Figures or a Function name including the
name of a set of Figures as argument as a
Formula.
Two reserved keywords are used in QL
FASEL formulas to speed-up graph-making:
cell which is equal to the cel number in a
bargraph counting from left to right and
celimax which is equalto the number of cells
displayed in the graph. The latter is
commonly used to adjust the scale of the
horizontal axis in a bargraph, for example,
curve = sin€2#pi()#(cell—-1)/(cellmax-i))
draws one complete sine wave regardless of
how many cells are displayed.
PHOTOGENIC GRAPHS
Making 35mm color slides of QL EASEL
graphs is about the quickest and least
expensive way to display business Cand some
scientific) data in a quality manner. For
smaller audiences--up to six, say--you could
give a presentation directly From the
monitor screen.
Tr & Cc SERVI ces
= LIBERTY TEeRRSCeE
BUI F eb ie ar 14215
f1 GSS Sso— 1 PLS
(real 1 cor lest 2 be For I Free caAtalod ao fF
ee ct ee For t ke ce “T a re > COomeuuitersc.
Use a single-reflex 35mm camera ona Many other tips for using QL EASEL are
tripod, preferably, but not necessarily, included in my new book Jaking the Quantum
with a short telephoto C¢8S-100mm) or macro
Leap, available from Time Designs magazine.
lens. Adjust your tripod legs Cyou may want
to make marks on your floor for future Ql TURBOQUILL+€
reference) and centerpost so that your
camera lens is perpendicular Cin two planes) A few months ago, I recommended a QL
to the monitor screen and that your view- QUILL accessory program called TURBOQUILL.
Finder displays a focused image of the
monitor screen. CCheck the top, bottom, and
corners of your viewfinder to see that all
is in acceptable focus with your lens
stopped down to 75.6.)
Its greatly improved and enhanced big
brother is now available. Not only does the
new version speed-up QL QUILL processing, it
also changes the QL QUILL cursor to white
when CAPSLOCK is on. An important
If you use a shutter speed much faster enhancement is the inclusion of a Glossary
than 1/8 of a second, your picture might be Function with which you can define the
lost. Using ASA 100 color-slide film, Function of @2 alphabetic keys through an
brackst several exposures around /f5.6 and automatic Learn Mode. The defined-key
Z/# second. Reflections, even at night in a sequence may be a command or text string and
darkened room, present problems. I use a may be used to set the defaults within a
4x6 Foot lightweight black cloth thrown over given QL QUILL document, to set other
the monitor, camera, and me--just like the defaults in mid-document, or to load text
Old-timers. IF you have the necessary segments or entire documents. The ”S” key
equipment--little is really mnecessary--and definition is activated immediately after
want to develop the slides yourself, buy QL QUILL start-up, permitting the automatic
Film that uses the E-6 process; there are setting of defaults, printing of
several choices. letterheads, etc.
One could develop a cottage industry QL TIURBOQUILL+, compatible with SPELL-
around making 35mm slide presentations for BOUND and TASKMASTER but not, apparently,
various business and other groups) in your with QRAN, is available from Athene Consul-
community. Become a graphic artist! tants, 33 Holly Grove, Fareham Hampshire,
PO16 7UP, U.K. Ctelephone 0329 282083) for
A PROFITABLE EXAMPLE about $20, including AIRMAIL postage. BE
SURE TO SPECIFY YOUR VERSION OF QL QUILL/
Shown below is an example of a QL EASEL WORDPROCESSOR, FOR EXAMPLE, VERSION 2.3.
printout which served to winme a $24,000
reduction in the estimated true cash value
back.
A drawback of Sector Software’s
excellent spelling-checker, SPELLBOUND, was
that it could not be used to proofread
ASSESSED TRUE CASH VALUE OF DE SOSA LAND - 197 to 1986 already existing Cthe more literate will
excuse the redundancy) QL QUILL or EDITOR
| 98000 | | documents. But PDQL Computer Systems and
[1s cl | Software--an excellent British company-—has
come to the rescue and produced a low-cost
patch program which modifies existing
documents so that they can be proofread
using SPELLBOUND and, as a bonus, can create
36418 oso | 1 | | Pe lists of words that may be added to the
2 SPELLBOUND dictionary. F ILEBOUND is
L = 4p 1 | | | | | available from PDOQL, Unit 1, Heaton House,
sean F | Camden Street, Birmingham Bl <3B2Z, U.K.
sue (telephone 021 233 3042) for about $10 and a
d | | Microdrive cartridge.
"7-8 78-9 79-80 asa a 82-3 83-4 84-5 85-6 NEXT TIMEs DEALING WITH QL TRUMP CARD AND
ITS 896K RAN, and more new equipment.
THE 27xXB1i1/7TS1000 LIVES ON!
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STLTCON MOUNTAIN COMPUTERS announces TRUE HIGH RESOLUTTON SOFTWARE for the 7X81/TS1000. You read it right! Without any expensive
hardware add-ons, your computer can now run software that even its designers never dreamed possible. Thanks to an amazing
discovery by Wilf Rigter, and innovative programming by Gregory Harder and Fred Nachbaur, you no longer have to suffer the "low
res blues." Multiple character sets, 256x192 graphics, 64-column screens, UDG's, even SPRITES are now available for your
computer.
NO computer modifications are required. If you have a ZX81, TS1000, or TS1500, with a 16K (or larger) RAM pack, plus an RK
static RAM board, you already have all it takes to run this remarkable software. Suitable static RAMs include the popular
"Hunter" board, or similar designs (see SyncWare News vol. 4 no. 1 for one such project costing under $10). Alternately,
consider our 8K "SCRAM" board (described below).
All. prices include shipping in USA and Canada. Foreian orders: please add $5 for air shipping. CONS accepted at par from
Canadian customers. Write for catalog of other available software. At SILICON MOUNTAIN COMPUTERS, the 2X81 family of computers
is our ONLY specialty. Our goal is to develop the most progressive software ever created for these machines, We feel that the
software listed below propels these machines into mainstream computing; we think that you'll agree.
"“SCRAM" MUM BaAaARD
| SUPER GAME !
With the loss of the bats board from the CUMGEON OF YMIR | sas | | ll, ny ne ”
market, we saw. the nee or an improved func- This D&D-style graphic adventure
tional equivalent, at a lower price. This board ee is ‘. most che tite ae lias || Weir otf | RE $3:
2 ompiex an ta ar enter- os : $332
works with ZX81/TS1000 or TS1500, has on-board eS ccteca. asa wrt ean AURURURERE AURURURUAE pptunancae: AURERH 25
battery back-up protection, and supports all of for the ZX81 family of compu- SERUENE La} i a § Ai ee ate
our high-res software with no modifications. ae [eating 128 ieee Ht bay peaeney | he BRBREBERHR
types), 5 spells, : -
LIMITED-TIME HACKERS’ SPECIAL: Buy 1! VERY addictive, VERY challen- a TT al ayant ay
SCRAM, get a bare board for only $5. ieee’ echime codes WE tamns fi oxi 0 OR ne
t f vet oe 311 available memory in 16K. One || (| i oii RBRYREAG HE
Qther features include: reviewer calls it "5-star soft- ai poe | | HH
* DIP switch to deselect 2K blocks ware" and "a must have." We know asfinyEERE Wee
* Board enable switch that you'll agree. 0 nH
* Write-protect switch eankh UE LOWER PRICES *ae* pyeeeeannn ll=|| RYABBHAH Hi
* RESET switch easily installed (optional) PRICE: $19.95 including shipping Al ULL: ay
* Very low power drain A Hing Minotaur
* Feed-through connector Bit= LA |Exp-4H40 [Go Bl tek [She [Ore [RIO [| ReatS
* FULLY ASSEMBLED! Just pluq it in.
*
Use with other machine-code software
PRICE: $39.95 including shipping.
To introduce you to the wonderful world of HIGH RESOLUTION on the 2x8i/TS1I000,
we’re offering these “loss leaders" for your enjoyment. These are all excellent
programs, and will demonstrate beyond reprise that you really do own a REAL
computer! Get any title for only $7.95. Get any three on one tape for $21.95, or
ALL FIVE for only $30.00. We even give you permission to circulate these amonast
your friends... have you ever seen an offer like this?
333939392979 WELCOME TO ¢€€€€€€t
siesta arenes
RUA CLEAR CLS RETURA PLOT UAPLOT COPY SAYE
Lean PAUSE LIST LLIST PRIAT REVERSE POIRT LOCATE ** HIRES CHESS UPGRADE ** (As published in SYNCWARE NEWS.) This uparade for the
Psion (Timex) CHESS program gives you real chess pieces on-screen. Very
AOBRESS eT BINARY impressive!
DRAW 3 1) go unbRAW
CIRCLE i #3 UNCIRCLE #* HI#RES BLACKJACK *#* (AS published in Time Designs.) A very aqraphic (pun
RECTANGLE | UPRECT intended) demonstration of the power of SRAM HI#RES EXT. BASIC. Closely
TRIANGLE UNTRIRGL parallels the casino game. Allows multiple decks. Graphics you NEVER”) thought
you’d see on your TS1000!
INVERT WINDOUH WIADOUD WINDOHL HIRDOWR EDC SPRITEB SPRITEE
SPRITEP SPRITEN SPRITES SETHOBE SAYE-¥ LORB-¥ SAYE-S LOond-S
by BREBORY C. AARDER
and
FAED NACHBALURA
"[urx16 Core routine developed by WILF RIGTER
s* YEAR-AT-A-GLANCE #** Another nifty SRAM EXT. BASIC application. Shows an
entire year (1800-2099) on a single screen' Comes with comprehensive
"appointment book" file options.
ahaa MACRO-LIFE it Greg Harder’s adaptation of Toni Baker’s Spectrum
implementation of the classic GAME OF LIFE. Fascinating study of ccmputer—
generated patterns.
“* MANDELBROT-FFP ## Generate striking hi-res fractal images. See our catalog
for a sample. Main loop coded directly in the ROM’s calculator language, fer a
Copuyuright,1986 ax speed increase over straight BASIC, without sacrificing “zocmability.*
MEW: ! Zzx—-TERMx Sa
: . _ eA RAR A SAIS I EE ERS LEI LTP OR ITNT NONE LRM LIRA I OLS S SAT I
SRAM HI*RES EXTENDED BASIC is the flagship of
Our new Tine of sottware. With this remarkable No screen-dump could do justice to this program. This is THE definitive modem
package YOU can write high-resolution appli- terminal program for the ZX81/TS1000 and TS1500.
gies : ; :
cations... ENTIRELY Lh BBS. While using only * Westridge or Byte-Back modems supported.
4K of memory, SRAM HI*RES adds 38 new hi-resol - * Instantly select 40 column, 60-column, or 80-column character widths, You
ution commands. If you know how to program in read it right! 80 columna on the ZX81/ TS1000! Upper/lower casc, and all
Sinclair BASIC, you will find SRAM HI*RES easy ASCII symbols, while preserving Sinclair graphics; can even be customized
to learn and use. A revolutionary syntax system to mimic IBM or other graphics sets. :
= 2 * " ed "
allows ANY variables or expressions to be used Tes. .sindow abdets—-“Oas-wisdew” sede ataplare 6)! uest ih % Spee SEE
: : screen; Three-window" mode has separate windows for menys/prompts, your
1n ts commands. No REMs to pass parameters. No typed output, and received input! Windows 2 and 3 are even adjustable,
POKEs! A single USR call is used for ALL com- just like on the "big guys.”
mands! Most commands can be chained into MUL- . Allows XMODFEM up/downlonading of ASCII files, Sinclair programs, EVEN SIN-
TIPLE STATEMENT LINES! We even included a fast CLAIR VARIABLES! Usable with word-processors and similar programs,
*
° ’ TS2040 and "big" printers supported, via any of the popular interfaces.
ae normal ) set of tape routines. be Pia pat Revolutionary modem input routine allows you to adjust windows, change
jable tape system ever written. Other features: width mode, etc. without losing a single incoming character.
*
* Three 32-column PRINT modes * Relocatable, and usable with 16, 32, or 64K RAM.
* Lower-case and new symbols * Takes only 4K at the top of memory, plus the 8K SCRAM board (or eq.)
* 64-column PRINT mode * Review files in either Sinclair or ASCII mode,
* 128 User-defined characters . Allows local echo to be enabled or disabled. .
, ; * "Reginner-friendly" while maintaining full flexibility for customizing and
* Scroll WINDOWS any direction... "hacking." }
a pixel at a time. * Redefined, auto-repeating Keyboard works like a true upper/lower-case
* Up to 32 TRUE sprites! Speed adjustable. terminal.
* Invert windows or entire screen
* : Finally, a REAL terminnl package for your computer. Comes with a very
es re agea ig video reverse comprehensive manual; tt even has a _ large section on "Useful POKEs" for
LOT, DRAW, CIRCLE, RECTANGLE, TRIANGLE customizing to your tastes.
* TS2040 printer supported
* Much more! The price is the clincher...ONLY $24.95 I]
ea AE RITE LEE NDE ARLE LEE LELI IE LIT EL NELLIE EEL LEN LLLLE ED
PRICE: $24.95 incl. complete manual & shipping
The Peak of Quality... from SILICON MOUNTAIN COMPUTERS
C-12, Mtn. Stn. Group Box, Nelson BC V1L 5P1, CANADA (604)352-1668
ees a me C2 El Ge aie ET Ss! ea ee!
oe SES ‘
( 2. CSS URS ABET Oi a RES Gl Se Saeed PRE Os el BS, | 20 Ee Le ey es © Use i ee
LR? ake Re RS Aor a CE REN “dod Re ek Ge RRR ONERU Be Y Nee Seca
MoTSart
super Music for the ZX81/TS1000/TS1500
Zack Xavier Haquer
The ZX8l-type. computers don't have "sound", = right? The signal generated by the routine is perfectly
WRONG! If you ever listened to a tape of a computer symmetrical (50% duty cycle). The minimum ON and OFF
program, you'll realize that it is capable of screechy time (BC=1) is 199 "T" states, and each increment of BC
noises that could. loosely be called "Sound". Well, ok, increases. this time by 26 T states. Though the actual
but it isn't capable of music, right? WRONG AGAIN! If clock frequency is 3.5 mHz., the "effective" clock
you've envied those other machines that can beep out a frequency of the machine is 3.192 mHz. (T-states per
tune or a laser sound, there's no longer any need to second) because of the keyboard-sensing routine in the
feel left out. non-maskable interrupt. So, the frequency outputted will
The machine-code program presented here gives you be:
three octaves of sound. As listed, the lowest note is | FREQ=3.192E6/(2*(199+26*(BC-1) ) )
the "A" just below "Middle Cc", but you can move your _ By transposing this equation, the value of BC for a
spectrum up or down as desired. But that's not all; it given frequency is:
is easy to write and play music using only BASIC BC=1 + ((1.596E6/FREQ)-199)/26
commands, thanks to a built-in "music interpreter". No, | Each note (half-step) will be a fixed ratio higher
you can't do multiple voices (though you can _ simulate in frequency than the previous one. Since there are 12
two voices as shown in the demo), and you can't vary the half-steps per octave, and each octave represents a
envelope or modify the waveform. Also, since it has to doubling in frequency, this ratio is 2°(1/12). The pro-
run in FAST mode, you can't see your display screen gram-calculates each frequency using this ratio, and
while the music is playing (unless you have the Oliger prints is as the first entry in the screen table. From
video upgrade). Still, this relocatable machine code this is calculates BC, and then "back-calculates" the
routine might be just what the conductor ordered to tune ACTUAL frequency which will result. (Since only integer
in your BASIC software. values can be POKEd, there will always be some im-
You won't need much in the way of hardware. If you precision in the actual frequency.) Finally, it . cal-
wish, you could connect a mic-level amplifier/speaker to culates how many cycles of each note are required for
the MIC output. Alternately, simply use your cassette the minimum time interval (sixteenth note at the fastest
deck. Connect the MIC from the computer to the MIC jack tempo). :
on the recorder, and connect an earphone or aé=e small The "A" below Middle C is defined at 440 Hz. You
speaker to the EAR jack of the recorder. Then take an can move your scales up or down by changing line 9040.
old useless cassette, and cut or remove the tape, making For example, to move it down an octave LET FREQ=220, to
a "dummy" cassette. This will allow you to place the move it up an octave, LET FREQ=880, etc. You can _ even
recorder in RECORD mode without actually recording any- transpose music to different scales by using other
thing. Or you could, of course, simply save to tape, and values. For instance, if you wrote a piece in the key of
listen to your computer sonata after it has been re- C and wish to transpose it to E (4 half-steps higher),
corded. Finally, a cheap AM radio located near the Simply define your lowest "A" to C# (LET A=554.4).
computer might pick up the sound, but with reduced When experimenting with different ranges, you
quality. should be aware that the lower notes, the more accurate
The machine-code routine takes up exactly 256 the PITCH becomes. On the other hand, the higher notes,
bytes. It is fully relocatable, so you can place it the more accurate the DURATION becomes.
anywhere you want. A good place is in a 1 REM statement; After generating your table, enter the rest of
this article will assume that this is where you'll want LISTING 1. Then RUN for a demo. Enter the desired tempo
to put it, but remember that you can move it elsewhere (more about that later). A good tempo for the first
if you wish. Simply change the LET BEEP= statement to music demo (line 100) is 180. Press any key when done
match the start of your code. for the second part (line 200) which/ gives a "laser"
Also required is 144 bytes after the code, for the effect. Again press any key for a "siren" demo (line
frequency/duration lookup table. So start by entering a 300). Finally, press a key to play thé second music demo
1 REM followed by 400 X's or other character. Use a (line 400), which show how you can simulate two voices!
POKER program such as LISTING 2 of the "Kaleidoscope" A suggested tempo for this is 240. Pretty neat, eh?
article in TDM Vol.3 No.1 You only have to change line 3 Here's how "MoTSart" is used. Your BEEP command
to read: FOR A=16514 TO 16769. RUN your loader program, must always be of the form: IF USR BEEP THEN... where
and enter the decimal values given in TABLE 1. When BEEP has been initialized to the start of the program
you're done, delete the loader lines and enter line 2 (16514 in this case). What follows the REM are your
and lines 9000-9991 of LISTING l. (Incidentally, if your musical commands and data. COMMANDS include semicolons
listing gets stuck at line 1, be sure you have a line 2, "7" and commas ",".
then LIST 2 followed by POKE 16419,2.) RUN 9000 to A SEMICOLON is used to set the duration of the
generate the data table. When it stops, enter CONT to following notes. After the semicolon command must be a
fill the rest. Line 9170 may be removed to speed up the number or letter (1-G), defining duration as_ follows:
process; it is included to show the significance of the
various data elements.
‘Each entry in the table corresponds to one of the
36 possible notes, and consists of four bytes. The first
two give the "delay constant" that determines’ the
- Sixteenth note
Eighth note
Dotted eight note
Quarter note
Dotted quarter note
DAADMDAAWNHE
I
frequency of the note. (We call this "BC" in the program ~ malt note
since this is the register pair used for this purpose.) - Dotted half note
The second two bytes give the number of cycles required - Whole note
for each note, at the minimum possible duration.
ied
rr
Values inbetween will give other (unorthodox) note
durations. Once the duration has been set, it will re-
main in force until changed by another . semicolon com-
mand.
COMMAS are used:to tell MoTSart that a note or rest
is to be played. If the comma is. followed by a single
space, a rest is played. Otherwise, you must follow the
comma with a number (1-3) specifiying the octave,
followed by a letter (A-G) specifying the note (pitch).
The note letter may be followed by "accidentals", rep-
resented as "+" for sharps and "-" for flats. Note that
you can't flat the lowest A (1A), or sharp the highest G
(3G).
The only other command is to set the overall
TEMPO. This is done using the RAND command. See the
demo; simply RAND 1200/(desired tempo). The number you:
divide into 1200 represents the number of beats (quarter
notes) per minute; 120 represents two quarter-notes per
second, or one 4/4 bar every two seconds.
MoTSart generates its own error codes. Error R
means that you are trying to use a non-valid way of
calling the ‘routine, or don't have a REM after. the
IF USR BEEP. THEN. Error (inverse semicolon) means that a
SEMICOLON command (duration) is out of range. Finally,
all other errors are trapped with error (inverse comma),
which means that a COMMAN command is incorrectly for-
matted or out of range. If. you get a semicolon or comma
error réport, the offending: character in the line is
flagged by turning to inverse video. BEWARE of errors
right at the end of the line! If this happens, the end-
of-line marker gets POKEd out, causing the next line to
be "strung" together with your BEEP line. If you're not
careful and manage to fall into this trap, DO NOT try to
edit the line! The best thing to do in this case
is to
delete the line and re-enter it from scratch.
Now you and your ZX/TS can make beautiful music
together!
LISTING 1: BASIC
2 REM MOtsART
3 GOTO 100
10 REM SET TEMPO SUBROUTINE
20 PRINT "TEMPO?"
30 INPUT TEMPO
40 RAND 1i200/TEMPO
50 LET BEEP=16514
60 RETURN
80 REM WAIT SUBROUTINE
90 IF INKEY$="" THEN GOTO 90
RETURN
REM MUSIC DEMO
GOSUB 10
110 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ;8,2E;
J,2G1, 3$2,26j3C,2034,20,2E,2F,26
,2A26, 2036, 26s5,2rtsi, ¢2,2F+5C,
26;4,3A;3,38;1,2B8;4,3B;3,3A;1,2A
54,9A;C, 2632, 2D, 2E36,2F 32,2E34,2
D3;2,2E,2F 36,2632, 2F 34,2E3;2,2F,2G
°4,39A4,26,2F ,2E3;8,203;1,103;2,20,2E
6G, 2F 32,2659, 2032,26,27 36, 2632,2
F:4, 26,20, 2 pectic seuyer*seeyer*s
G,2G
120 IF USR BEEP THEN REM 3;8,2E;
3,2631,16;32,263;6, 2036, 2F 32, 2F 36,
3A;2,3A;G,2D;8,26;46,2G6+ 5;2,2G6+ 54,
3A,2F,2E,2D;8,2C,2D;G,2E;8,26;6,
30;2,303;4,3A,2F,2E,20;8,2G6,2B;G,
20:2, 2C,2E,26,30,59A,2F,20,2E-,2E
,26,3A,38,3C0;3,2C,1C
130 GOSUB 80
i140 CLS
150 PRINT "RUN AGAIN?"
160 PAUSE 4E4
170 IF INKEY$="Y"
200 REM LASER
210 LET TEMPO=1200
220 GOSUB 40
230 FOR N=1 TO 10
THEN GOTO 100
240 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ;1,3G+
,3G,3F+,3F,3E,3E-, 3D, 3C+,3C,3B,3
B-,3A,2G+,2G,2G-, 2F,2E,2E-,2D,2C
+,2C,2B, 2B-,24,1G+,1G,1G-,1F,1E,
t€=,10,1C+, 10,18 18-,14
245 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ;6,
250 NEXT N
260 GOSUB 80
300 REM SIREN
310 LET TEMPO=600
320 GOSUB 40
330 FOR N=1 TO 5
340 IF USR BEEP THEN REM 31,1A,
1A+,1B,1C,1C+,1D,1D+,1E,1F,1F+,1
G,1G+,2A,2A+,2B,2C,2C+,2D, 2D+, 2E
,2F,2F+,2G6, 2G+,3A,3A+,3B,3C,3C+,
3D, 3D+,3E,3F,3F+,3G,3G+
350 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ,3G+,3
G,3F+,3F,3E,3E-,3D,3C+,3C,38,3B-
, 3A, 26+ , 2G, 2G-, 2F, 2E, 2E-, 2D, 2C+,
2C,2B,2B-,2A,1G+,1G,1G-,1F,1E,1£
-,1D,1C+,1C,1B,1B-,1A
360 NEXT N
370 GOSUB 80
400 REM SIMULATING 2 VOICES
410 GOSUB 10
420 GOSUB 470
430 GOSUB 480
440 GOSUB 480
450 GOSUB 470
460 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ,2C,1E
~20, 16,20 18, 20,1614,2C
465 GOSUB 80
466 STOP
470 IF USR BEEP THEN REM 31,2C,
tesoc. 20 38, 26.426 .2e, 287 728
,2E,26, ,3A.2F 3A; «SA,2Fs5A, 12
G,2E,2G,2E,2G,2E,2G, ,2F,2D,2F,
OF 26, SF = PEs 20 PE Ses Sse,
20,2520, +20, 1F 2D, 420, 1€,2¢
{6, 20,.16, 20.16
ee
TABLE 1:
33 0
35 is
234 8640
25 32
16 36
124 60
118 200
Zu 1tF
24 38
87 1
2ar 21
186 214
25 126
167 40
24 «(16
234 6
178 4
os ie
ia <24
7 r
34 8640
118 64
70 «35
24 157
fon if
62 0
iva 77
251 193
ii 6-38
253 241
30 «640
194 27
MOTSART DECIMAL DATA
i 34 118 64 205
42 22 64 35 126 254
2 20f £6. 30 126.254
20. 35 i426. 2414. 2F 254
6 126 203 255 119 207
30 9 64 24 230 254
254 26 40 6 126 203
nu? tae.” oe 1 2O041Gr - oe
? £64 33° 3S SU 64
45 6° iT 20 ifv7- ae
Sf £48 £F Be £220 25
2? 254 3 48 215 245
214 38 254 7 48 206
23 254 3 48 3 60
32 * i176 e298 48
40 4 198 3 24 2
f¥ 6 6s 26 255 . Zi. 632
24 GS-28 22° Se 3
i “ao 2491 71 126 t2s
129 254 255 40 151 254
1497 79 é O 227. 42
J ? > * 75° 29
74 35 86 225. 24 2
i7S 245 %75 245 197 2ii
{20 i177 32 203 245 0
62 ? 1 32° 253 241
Ziv 2a8. t2 “t20 t77 32
241 60 253 190 9 40
43 245 62 a - 63-32
24 209 241 60 253 1970
6 221 ? 0 0 24
iZ2 i7? 32 186 24 184
Note: line 350 is
the same as line 240.
Line 245 ends with a space.
475 RETURN
480 IF USR BEEP THEN REM ,2G,2C
20, 920526528, (OF. 204 2Fs-42F 52
S, 2. *, SE SC ree. RE y 1G 2Ey 42D,
2A,2D,2A,2D,2B,2D, 31
485 RETURN
9000 REM SET UP DATA TABLE
9010 CLS
9020 PRINT "FREQ ;
CYCLES '
9030
7040
9050
BC ACTUAL NO
LET BYTE=16770
LET FREQ=440
LET RATIO=2%*¢(1/12)
9060 FOR N=1 TO 36
9070 LET BC=INT (¢(¢1.596E6/FREQ)
“LPP I/ 26471 «D2
9080 IF BC=0 THEN LET BC=1
9090 LET ACT=1 .596E6/(199+26% (BC
“i>?
7100
9110
F120
9130
9140
7150
7160
LET DE=INT (ACT#.013+.5)
RAND BC
POKE BYTE+0O,PEEK 16434
POKE BYTE+1,PEEK 16435
RAND DE
POKE BYTE+2,PEEK 146434
POKE BYTE+3,PEEK 16435
9170 PRINT CINT CFREQ#10+.5)9/10
;TAB 7;BC;TAB 115¢INT CACT#10+.5
>>7103;TAB 18;DE
7180 LET BYTE=BYTE+4
9190 LET FREQ=FREQ*RATIO
9200 NEXT N
9210 STOP
9990 SAVE "MOTSARt"
9991 GOTO 100
e@
CLASSIFIED
FREE ADS FOR SUBSCRIBERS
FOR SALE: 2050 MODEM in original
case. MTERM I and II, Loader IV,
and V, Letteriter/Bufferiter,
Casboard 2068, MTERM Manual by
Barry Carter, The Guide To TS
Telecommunications. All for $75.
Dave Bennett, 329 Rear Walton St.,
Lemoyne, PA 17043, (717) 774-7531.
FOR SALE: TS2068 w/Romswitch,
printer, modem, recorder, Aerco
printer interface, many programs
books & mags for TS - send SASE
for complete list - George Basil,
206 Smallwood Dr., Snyder, NY
14226.
WANTED: SPECTRUM ASTRONOMER by
CP Software. Aaron Reese, Rt 2
Box 185, Advance, NC 27006. Will
buy or trade.
I'M SPONSORING A PUBLIC DOMAIN
SOFTWARE POOL for TS2068. Send $4
CDN + 4 sixty minute cassettes
w/your public domain software on
them to: A Albrecht, #305-9930
Bonaventure Dr. SE, Calgary,
Stn."F", Canada T2S 4L4.
FOR SALE: TS2068 computer (needs
repair, no p.s. or manual) $25,
TS2068 computer with RGB mod and
Spectrum kbd $65,-brand new 2050
modem $40, MTERM s/w $10,>Tele-
video personal termifial w/monitor
kbd case and p.s.-no logic board
$25. Misc software and books-write
for a list. Dave Maccarone, 67
Bradley Ct., Fall River, MA 02720.
FOR SALE: A&J(vl) $90;—Malfunc- >
tioning Zebra Disk (org.) $200 or
best offer. WANTED: Zebra FDD 3000
w/CPM & Spectrum, Aerco disk, 2050
w/software. Billy McBrine, 514
S. Jackson St., Salisbury, NC
28144, (704) 633-7817.
WANTED: PLUG-IN type keyboard for
TS1000 (Suntronics type). James
Cramer, 636 S. Laura #24, La
Puente, CA 91744, (818) 810-4210.
FOR SALE: TS1000 in metal cabinet
with keyboard, Westridge modem,
Aerco C.P. Interface, Memotech 64K
RAM. Send for complete hardware
and software list to: Richard
Beier, 1 Darwin Drive, N. Merrick,
NY 11566.
DIABETICS--HYPERTENSIVES:--2068
programs to keep records of your
control. Your doctor will love you
when you show charts.--$10 each.
Dr. W.C. Andrews, 30 Oak Knoll Dr.
San Anselmo, CA 94960.
MILLENIA-K USERS: Utility disk for
Ramex interface includes TRACKER
the sector editor. DS/QD disk or
cassette $11.00 ppd., check or
M.O. to: Munson H. Cockayne, 342
“Trotter ct.; Sanford; FL 32773.
GARAGE SALE #2: Our last sale of
computer "odds and ends" that
cluttered our office was quite
successful, and we've managed to
come up with even more items (both
hardware and software for Sindlair
computers). There is even some
general electronic items including
music devices. Send a legal SASE
for complete list to: Tim Woods,
c/o TDM, 29722 Hult Rd., Colton,
OR 97017.
WANTED: DOCUMENTATION in English
for QL GIGA MOUSE. Michael Kudelka
4859 Sacramento Ave., St. Louis,
MO 63115-2028.
WANTED: Copy of WMJ Data Systems
"QuarTerS" Newsletter (Vol.1 No.3,
Summer 1985). Needed to complete
collection. Can trade other news-
letters--send needs. Tony Willing,
PO Box 199, Vashon, WA 98070.
FOR SALE: ORIGINAL TS1000/Zx81
program tapes plus engineering
programs (HVAC, piping, plumbing).
For details, send legal size SASE
tos; D.H. Berry, 2106 Opal Dr.,
Orlando, FL 32822.
2068 PLOTTING w/Commodore 15230
4-color HI-RES printer/plotter!
TOY-R-US has the 1520 for $30
and the Interface hardware/soft-—
ware is available from John
McMichael, 1710 Palmer Drive,
Laramie, WY 82070. Send SASE for
info and sample plot.
FOR SALE: 20 TIMEX Cassettes plus
extras at $20 ppd. All with
original instructions/boxes. Also
2 Commodore Model #1341 Joysticks
at $4.00 each (never used).
Elbert S. Kerstetter, 207 Fairway
Dr., Mechanicsburg, PA 17055 or
(717) 766-0451.
Do you have some equipment or a program that you would like to sell? Looking for something hard to find? Place an
ad in THE CLASSIFIEDS! Subscribers can place one free personal ad in each issue. Ad size is 32 Col. wide (like 2040
paper) and maximum of six lines. For additional lines - $3 each. NON-SUBSCRIBERS and DEALERS: $4 a line.
DEADLINE FOR ALL CLASSIFIED ADS: Two weeks before publication date. Mail your ad to:
TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE, The Classifieds Dept., 29722 Hult Rd., Colton, Oregon 97017.
EXE SCLOSE-OYT SALEX &
“GREAT GAMES AND GRAPHICS SHOW”
Each originally sold for $24.95, but get
both for just $9.95--while supplies last.
Both for $9.95 (while supplies last).
Includes 19 pages of documentation
CADZ IS HERE: Design ona four
screen page, 16 screens w/256K, 28
functions, fast MC. Requires Aerco
disk & Artworx vl.1--$20. Larry
Zunk, 4800 E. Cedar Ln., Norman,
OK 73017, (403) 366-8595.
TIMEX COMPUTER REPAIRS, upgrades.
PC boards assembled and tested.
Write for prices. Dan Elliott,
Rt 1, Box 117, Cabool, MO 65689,
(314) 739-1712, 5.p.m.-9 p.m.
FOR SALE: ZX81 complete in Sun-
tronics keyboard w/UHF modulator
plus 16K RAM. Many extra programs
& books for TS. Send SASE for a
complete list: George Basil, 206
Smallwood Dr., Snyder, NY 14226.
‘FOR SALE: TS2068, Zebra 2-drive
FDD 3000 w/adapter/TOS & CPM,
disks, Spectrum EMU cartridge, all
w/power supplys, manuals. Books,
software. Dave Staats, 7317
Sunset, Jenison, MI 49428. SASE or
(616) 457-1236.
BOTH DIAMOND MIKE & GAME GRAPHICS
SHOW for $10. Compass $10. Money
Machine II, $11. Send stamp for
catalog on 1000, 2068, FD-68
products. Chia-Chi Chao, 73
Sullivan Dr., Moraga, CA 94556.
“™TS1000, TS2040, Memotech add-ons
(RAM's, K-Board, HRG, Printer I/F,
etc), Brother thermal printer, 12"
monochrome monitor, software, |
books (will send list on request).
A. Laviolette, 16-1385 Bernard,
Montreal, CANADA H2V lwWl.
FOR SALE: TS2068 Color Computer,
hardware and software. For free
price list, send SASE to: Darrell
K. Strong, 1043 Kinau St. #404,
Honolulu, HI 96814.
“™“ FOR SALE: ALPHACOM 32, power
Supply, Textwriter 64, Artworx
vl.l., Zeus, Chess, Zprint-80,
etc-all 2068. Also seeking local
2068'ers! W. Flower, 18404
Vincennes St. #22, Northridge, CA
91325.
TS$2068 SOFTWARE
"DIAMOND MIKE”
“INTEGER BASIC COMPILER”
"“2sO0 ASSEMBLER”
JRC SOFTWARE
ZOO N. Main St.
Scottsburg, IN 47170
(312) 752-6071
OOOO ORO CORR CCC OR OOK ORG RRA K
META MEDIA PRODUCTIONS 726 WEST 17TH VANCOUVER, BC CANADA V5Z 1T9
Q_LINK
THE ULTIMATE TERMINAL FOR THE QL
* *
*K *K
* *
*K *
* *
* *
*x - Dial, Redial - Integral Editor *
*K —- Xmodem & Ascii file transfer - 64 or 8@ Columns *K
ss - ZOOM printing for speed —- XON/XOFF handshaking *
* ~ Supports Multitasking & Expanded Memory *
* - Directory of any Device tells you File Type & Length *
*K - Integral Editor for Capture Buffer, or Document Creation *
* Edit your session; mark a block, then Print, Save or Ascii Transfer it *
* Makes it easy to mark an interesting item & transfer it to another BBS *x
* Store up to 40 Telephone Numbers, 20 Signons/Passwords per setup file *
* Edit phone numbers, BBS names & Signons painlessly to create setup file *
* Load another setup file for even more numbers & passwords. Complete *
* documentation. Extensive use of Menu/Quick modes for Novice & Expert. k
* Things are made easy with stored File Device, Printer Device & Baudrate *
* Configures to any modem. Set 8 seperate modem commands, parameters & *
* Messages; Dial, Immediate Redial, Reset. Supports all QL Baudrates x
*K 100% Machine Language for Speed! Developed on a JSU ROM. *
* [ COMES WITH 3 UTILITIES UNSQUEEZE, DELIBRARY & FILTERS ] *
* IS THERE SOMETHING ELSE YOU WANT IN A TERMINAL? TELL US! WE LISTEN. x
* x
*K 1%
* *
*K *
* *
* *
The Fine Print : US$ 19.95 + $2.40 shipping
Supplied on MDV or 5.25" disk [specify tpi]
META MEDIA PRODUCTIONS 726 WEST 17TH VANCOUVER, BC CANADA V5Z 1T9
OCC GO ORCC ARGO COOK GROG KACAKIGK
Sharp’s, Inc.
Rt. 10, Box 459
Mechanicsville, VA 23111
(804) 746-1664 or 730-9697
QL Computer
$ yo incall PSION s/w
We carry ALL hardware and software lines for the Sinclair QL. Compare our
prices. VISA and MASTERCARD accepted (3 % surcharge).
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
WEYMIL presents...
A small collection of truly innovative products for Sinclair computers _
introducing the
Delta Device
The Non-Volatile Memory System
forthe TS 1000
The DELTA DEVICE is thé fea addition to our
family of TS 1000 products. It is a compléte non-volatile
memory system (NVMS) designed by Mr. Wilf Rigter. The
DELTA DEVICE is a full 32K non-volatile memory board
featuring the Rigter Operating System (ROS). We feel the
features of this product make it a significant advance in
TS 1000 technology.
THE HARDWARE
The board measures 3'/2" x 3”. It uses only two chips.
It is supplied fully assembled. There is a built-in write
protect switch to avoid accidental erasure of data. The
32K is divided in four 8K blocks which are individually
controlled via DIP switch for mapping to various memory
map locations. A long-life battery preserves memory con-
tents. The circuitry has been designed to greatly reduce
the risk of data loss caused by removing the unit from
the computer. This makes the system very transportable.
The board utilizes a standard feed-through connector.
Memory control is extended to both 16K and 32K ram-
packs. Bank switch applications are supported. There is
built in hardware compatibility with THRUST and other
hi-res programs. The hardware has four times the capacity
and more flexibility than other similar memory enhance-
ment products.
RIGTER OPERATING SYSTEM
The NVMS concept is completed by the RIGTER
OPERATING SYSTEM (ROS). This is a full powered file
handling system. Utilizing less than 600 bytes, ROS has
these features. DIRECTORY displays all programs stored
in memory by name and length in bytes. You have 44
entries per directory. SAVE transfers BASIC programs,
variables, and machine code to storage. It works in con-
junction with the NAME/RENAME features. LOAD
transfers those programs to their normal RUN areas.
MERGE allows the joining of two BASIC programs or
_ varible files. EXIT allows you to quit ROS to an auto-run
program or the command line. ERASE deletes programs
from system memory and automatically moves other
programs to fill the space left behind. This eliminates blank
areas of memory between files. File selection is accom-
plished using cursor movement. ROS utilizes terminate-
and-stay-resident protocols. It is called from the command
line by simply pressing REM followed by ENTER.
There are further enhancements to the ROS core.
CLEAR DIRECTORY allows initialization of selected sec-
tions of memory while leaving others intact. RENUMBER
is anatural companion to the MERGE feature. UNMERGE
deletes blocks of BASIC programs. The comprehensive 15
page manual includes instructions for adding more direc-
tories and “hot keys.”
APPLICATIONS
' The DELTA DEVICE has many possible applications.
A user can have programs such as NOVA, THRUST, MINI-
XMOD, KRUNCHER, and a word processor instantly
available with plenty of room left over. Other TS 1000
NVM devices can’t equal that capacity. You can easily
enhance the ROM by mapping a section of the NVMS
into the ROM area. You can now design a customized
prompt, develop hi-res graphics, or install a high speed
tape loader all accessible using the regular command keys.
Programmers will appreciate the ability to have more than
one operating system available on the same machine.
Imagine having one machine with FORTH, PASCAL, and
the standard operating system instantly available.
We are sure that you will agree that Wilf Rigter’s
DELTA DEVICE is an incredible amount of power in a
tiny package.
THE DELTA DEVICE NVMS for the TS 1000 $75.00
Shipping and handling . $5.00
WEYMIL CORPORATION
BOXx 5904
BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-5904
BUA ies NL ae
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